Second Line of Defence

Multiple Choice

Why is it important for the body to have second-line defenses in addition to first-line barriers?

• Because first-line barriers are always effective and never breached

• Because microbes never gain entry to the body

• Because second-line defenses provide backup when first-line barriers fail

• Because leukocytes are only found in first-line defenses

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the process by which plasma becomes lymph?

• Plasma is filtered by the kidneys and becomes lymph.

• Plasma exits capillaries, becomes interstitial fluid, and is taken up by lymphatic capillaries as lymph.

• Plasma is absorbed directly by lymph nodes.

• Plasma is converted to lymph in the spleen.

Multiple Select

Which of the following are primary lymphoid tissues?

• Thymus

• Bone marrow

• Lymph nodes

• Spleen

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements about mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) is correct?

• MALT is only found in the gut lining.

• MALT plays a key role in fighting harmful microbes in mucosal linings.

• MALT is responsible for filtering blood.

• MALT is only found in the tonsils.

Multiple Choice

Which type of leukocyte lacks granules in its cytoplasm?

• Granulocytes

• Agranulocytes

• Neutrophils

• Eosinophils

Multiple Choice

Which of the following leukocytoses are typically associated with chronic infections or inflammation?

• Neutrophilic leukocytosis

• Eosinophilia

• Monocytosis

• Basophilia

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes the role of second-line defenses in the immune system?

• They act as a barrier to prevent microbes from entering the body.

• They consist of molecular factors and leukocytes that respond when first-line defenses are breached.

• They are responsible for producing antibodies.

• They only function in the digestive system.