Motion, Forces, & Energy Test Prep

​Test Review: Motion, Forces, & Energy

By Selena Hunter

Force: a push or pull acting on an object

Gravity: force that brings objects together, and pulls objects towards the earth

Force & Motion

Motion

• Force can cause a change in an object

• Motion is the change in direction, shape or position

• Forces change the position of objects

• Position describes where the object is in relation to another object

• The other object acts as a reference point.

• The reference point is used to support a change in position

Force

• An influence or power that can cause a change in an object

• 5 Forms of Force: Gravitational , Magnetism, Friction, Push, Pull

• Gravity is an attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass, "pulls"

• Magnetism is a force of attraction that causes magnetic material to move

• Friction is a force that acts in an opposite direction to movement between two surfaces that are in contact with one another

• Push is the act of applying force in order to move something away

• Pull is the act of applying force to move something towards you

Multiple Choice

A girl is playing with a basketball. The girl throws the basketball on the ground one time, it bounces back in the air, and then falls down again.

Why does the basketball come down again after it bounces into the air?

• It is pulled down by gravity

• It is pushed down by air

• It is attracted by the material of the road.

• It is pushed away by the material of her shoes.

Multiple Choice

Two objects are dropped from the same heights.

Which statement is true about the two objects?

• Once dropped, both objects will not be impacted by gravity.

• Once dropped, gravity will push both objects away from each other.

• Once dropped, gravity will pull both objects towards the center of the Earth.

• Once dropped, both objects will bounce when they hit the ground.

Multiple Choice

A student designed a test ramp using 4 books and a flat piece of wood. During the first test of the ramp, the toy car rolled down the ramp smoothly. The student then removes one book from the ramp. What will likely happen to the motion of the toy car compared to the first test?

• The toy car will move at a greater speed.

• The toy car will move at a slower speed.

• The toy car will move at the same speed.

• The toy car will be motionless.

Multiple Choice

A student releases a 300 g toy car on a ramp, as shown in the diagram. The student increases the height of the ramp and then releases the toy car from the same place on the ramp. What change will the student observe?

• The speed of the toy car will increase.

• The speed of the toy car will decrease.

• The toy car will not move in a straight line.

• The distance traveled by the toy car on the ground will decrease.

Multiple Choice

In which case would the wooden log shown move faster, if the force used by each person is the same?

Multiple Choice

Emma moved alphabet blocks of different sizes in a toy cart. She pulls each load of blocks with the same force.

In which case would Emma move the slowest?

Multiple Choice

Hanna places 10 books in a large box and pushes the box across the floor in her room. She finds that the box moves slowly.

What should Hanna do to increase the speed?

• Add more books to the box.

• Push the box with a greater force.

• Transfer the books to a larger box.

• Pull the box from the other end instead of pushing it.

Multiple Choice

Forces in opposite directions are applied to a model car. In which direction will the car move?

• The car will not move.

• The car will move to the right.

• The car will move to the left.

• The car will spin around.

Multiple Choice

When an object speeds up, slows down, or changes directions, it ______. 

• accelerates
• velocity
• motion
• momentum

Multiple Choice

A car moves along a road that has markers every kilometer.   Over time, it passes the markers in shorter periods of time.  What best describes the motion of the car? 

• The car is maintaining the same speed.
• The car is changing direction.
• The car is increasing speed.
• The car is decreasing speed.

Multiple Choice

________________________ is a force that opposes the motion of one object moving past another.   It causes objects to slow down or stop. 

• balanced force
• friction
• inertia
• gravity

Multiple Choice

Carrie has gone down a slide several times.  However, she wants to go down the slide faster.  How can she increase her speed down the slide? 

• pour sand on the slide
• pour rocks on the slide
• carry rocks down the slide
• pour water on the slide

Multiple Choice

Kayla's scout troop rowed two boats on a lake.  The rowers in each boat applied the same amount of force. Which best describes why the boat with three scouts moved through the water faster than the boat with five scouts?

• The mass of the boat with 3 scouts was less than the mass of the boat with 5 scouts. 
• The force of friction between the oars and the water made the boat with three scouts move faster.
• The boat with 5 scouts had more rowers. 
• The boat with 3 scouts was bigger.

Multiple Choice

Any push or pull from one object to another.

• force
• inertia
• gravity
• momentum

​Balanced and Unbalanced Forces

More than one force can act on an object at once.

​

If one of those forces is stronger than the other, it is callen an unbalanced force, and the object will move.

​

​If both forces have the same strength, it is called a balanced force. Balanced forces make objects stand still.

​

​Example of Balanced Forces

Imagine you are playing tug-of-war with your friends. Your team starts by pulling really hard, with all its strength. But the other team is also pulling with an equal amount of force and in the opposite direction. The flag in the middle of the rope does not move. The flag does not move because the force your team is pulling with is equal to the force applied by the other team but in the opposite direction. The forces are in opposite directions. The forces on the rope are balanced. When the forces are balanced, the flag in the center of the rope will not move. To win the game, one team must apply more force than the other.​

​​Example of Unbalanced Forces

By applying an unbalanced force, you can change the motion of an object. Unbalanced forces can make an object at rest start moving, make a moving object stop, or change the direction and speed of the object. Think back to the game of tug-of-war. At the start of the game, both teams pulled equally hard on opposite ends of the rope. The two teams pulled with balanced forces. The flag in the middle of the rope did not move.​

Multiple Choice

When Izzy and Zoe pull on the rope with the same amount of force, the forces are __________?

• decreased

• increased

• balanced

• unbalanced

Multiple Choice

How will this object move? 

• It won't move. 
• It will move to the right. 
• It will move to the left. 
• It will move in both directions. 

Multiple Choice

These forces are...

• Balanced

• Unbalanced

Multiple Choice

Which could be an example of an unbalanced force?

• A plate sitting on a dining table
• A ball at the top of a hill that is not moving
• Earth orbiting the Sun 
• A baseball that has been thrown to home plate.

Multiple Choice

Contact forces are actions that take place only when objects are touching each other. Non-contact forces are actions that can take place whether objects are touching or not. When Martha pushes a shopping cart, what kind of force is she applying to the cart?

• Martha is applying a non-contact force

• Martha is applying a contact force

• Martha is not applying any type of force

• Martha is applying both contact and non-contact force

Multiple Choice

When recyclable materials are sent to a recycling plant, they are often not sorted in any particular way. Plastic materials might be mixed in with paper, iron, aluminum, and glass materials. Which of the following is a way that recycling plants separate iron materials from other materials from other materials without applying a contact force to them?

• by sorting the materials with a robotic arm

• by applying an impact force to the recycled materials

• by applying a magnetic force to the recycled materials

• by sorting the materials by hand

Multiple Choice

Jeremy throws his ball up in the air, but the ball falls back to the ground. What force made the ball move without ever touching the ball?

• Jeremy's hand pushing on the ball

• magnetism pulling on the ball

• the air pressure pushing on the ball

• gravity pulling on the ball

Multiple Choice

In which of the following situations is the force that moves the rock acting from a distance?

• The rock falls through the air

• A person kicks the rock

• a bulldozer pushes the rock

• A hammer hits the rock

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is a non-contact force?

• Tension

• Air resistance

• Gravitational force

• Normal contact force

​Potential Energy

• ​POTENTIAL ENERGY is energy that is stored and waiting to be transferred.

  It is the energy that an object has based on its height and position.

  Potential Energy = mass x height x gravity

• ​The higher the object, the more potential energy.

​Kinetic Energy

• ​The amount of energy something has due to its motion.

• An objects kinetic energy is affected by an objects mass and speed. The faster an object moves the more kinetic energy the object has. 

   Increase speed --> increase kinetic energythe amount of energy an object has due to its motion

Multiple Choice

What spot would the roller coaster car have the MOST potential energy?

• A

• B

• C

• D

• E

Multiple Choice

a stretched rubber band

• kinetic energy

• potential energy

Multiple Choice

shooting a basketball

• kinetic energy

• potential energy

Multiple Choice

Which material should be used on a bicycle ramp to increase friction?

• shiny metal

• rough paper

• smooth wood

• wet plastic

Multiple Choice

On a cold day, a girl rubs her hands together for 10 seconds and then touches the arm of a friend. The friend notices that the girl's hands feel warm.

The rubbing action causes _________________ that produces heat.

• air flow

• burning

• electrical energy

• friction

Multiple Choice

A student has four balls with different masses, as shown in the image.

The student pushes each ball with the same amount of force on the same surface. Which ball will roll the shortest distance?

• Ball 1

• Ball 2

• Ball 3

• Ball 4