Unit 7 Review

Unit 7 Review

Classifying Organisms

Scientists classify animals and non-living things into groups according to their features or characteristics to understand how animals compare with one another

Vertebrates - Animals that have a backbone

• A backbone

• Covering of skin that protects them

• Skeleton inside their body

• Muscles that help them move

• Blood moves through tubes

• Lungs or gills for breathing

Multiple Select

Which one(s) are vertebrates?

• Birds are NOT mammals because they lay eggs

• They are covered with feathers

  • Most can fly, but some cannot (penguins)

Warm-blooded

Birds

• Give birth to live babies (do not lay eggs)

• Mothers produce milk to feed their babies

• Mammals are warm-blooded: their bodies produce heat

• Have fur, or hair that helps keep them warm

Mammals

Vertebrates are classified into five different groups

• Live on land and breathe with lungs

• Covered with scales and live in warmer climates

• Reproduce by laying eggs

• Their body temperatures change with their surroundings

• Ex: snakes, lizards, turtles, 

alligators, crocodiles

Reptiles

• Live in water and breathe with gills

• Fish have scales to protect their bodies

• Cold-blooded – their bodies are the same temperature as their surroundings

• Reproduce (make more of their kind) by laying eggs in water

Fish

• Live in water and breathe with gills when they are young 

• As they become adults, they spend more time on land

• Breathe with lungs when they are adults 

• All amphibians are cold-blooded

• Ex. Frogs, toads, newts, salamanders

Amphibians

Multiple Choice

What are vertebrates?

• animals without backbones

• animals with backbones

Multiple Choice

Which type of animal lives only in water and breathes water?

• Fish

• Mammal

• Reptile

• Bird

• Amphibian

Multiple Choice

Which type of animal lives on land and in water?

• Fish

• Mammal

• Reptile

• Bird

• Amphibian

Multiple Choice

Which type of animal is born in the water and moves to live on land?

• Fish

• Mammal

• Reptile

• Bird

• Amphibian

Multiple Choice

Which type of animal is warm blooded and has feathers?

• Fish

• Mammal

• Reptile

• Bird

• Amphibian

Multiple Choice

Which type of animal has hair/fur and is warm-blooded?

• Fish

• Mammal

• Reptile

• Bird

• Amphibian

Multiple Choice

How do we classify organisms?

• We group them together according to their shared characteristics

• We group them together according to their unique characteristics

• We classify them based on when they appeared on Earth

• We classify them based on their size

Invertebrates - animals that do not have a backbone

• 90% of all animals are invertebrates! 

• Tend to be small because they do not have a backbone

• Many live in the ocean because the water helps support their weight 

• Some have a hard covering or shell on the outside of their bodies for protection

  • Insects, spiders, crabs, snails, clams

Classifying Plants

There are 2 major groups of plants: vascular and nonvascular 

• Vascular plants have tubes that carry water and nutrients to different parts of the plant 

• Vascular plants can grow to different heights

• Non-vascular plants do not have systems of tubes. They absorb water from their surroundings 

• Non-vascular plants cannot grow higher than a few centimeters off the ground

• Angiosperms are flowering plants

• Gymnosperms do not use flowers for reproduction

• Plants do not have fur, scales, or blood like animals. So how are they classified? 

They are divided into two groups: vascular and  nonvascular

Multiple Choice

_______________ produces flowers and seeds protected by fruit.

• Angiosperms
• Gymnosperms
• Mosses
• Ferns

Multiple Choice

How do vascular plants get water?

• Vascular plants get water through their roots, which absorb it from the soil.
• From nearby rivers and lakes through their flowers.
• By absorbing moisture from the air through their stems.
• Through their leaves during photosynthesis.

Multiple Choice

How do non-vascular plants get water?

• Through root systems

• By storing water in leaves
• From symbiotic relationships with fungi
• Non-vascular plants get water through direct absorption from their environment.

Vascular Plant Structure

• Vascular plants have 3 main parts: roots, stems, and leaves

  • Roots: take in water and nutrients from the soil

  • Stems: move water and nutrients from the roots to the leaves

Leaves: capture the energy of the sunlight and use it to make food for the plant

• Plants use sunlight to make food through photosynthesis

  • Take in water 

  • Take carbon dioxide from the air

  • A green material called chlorophyll traps the sunlight in leaves

  • Energy of the sunlight changes water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen

Plants use the sugar for food and release oxygen into the air as waste

​

Photosynthesis

• Plants that do not have tubes

  • These plants soak up water and food from the soil, like sponges

  • These plants are much smaller because they have to be touching the soil

  • Ex. Moss and Liverworts

Nonvascular (lower plants) 

• Vascular means “having tubes” 

  • Have tubes that carry water from their roots to leaves 

  • When the weather is dry, plants use up the water in their tubes

  • Then, their stems get limp and the plants wilt

  • Examples: trees, grasses, and most garden plants

Vascular Plants (higher plants)

• You can also group plants by the way they reproduce (produce new plants)

• Plants reproduce by: 

  1. Producing seeds 

  2. Producing  cones

  3. Producing spores

Producing Seeds or Cones

​Pine trees produce cones, but no flowers

• The cones contain pollen, which animals spread from cone to cone

• The trees’ seeds form into cones

Producing Seeds or Cones

• Plants first produce flowers with pollen in them

  • Pollen is a special dust that helps plants reproduce

  • Bees, birds, bats, and the wind carry pollen from one plant to another

  • After plants receive pollen, they produce seeds

Multiple Choice

What is photosynthesis?

• Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants convert light energy into chemical energy.
• Photosynthesis is the conversion of chemical energy into light energy.
• Photosynthesis occurs only in the dark.
• Photosynthesis is the process of respiration in animals.

Multiple Choice

Which is not a way to group plants by they reproduce?

• seeds

• cones

• soil

• spores

• Deciduous Plants: trees that lose its leaves in the winter

• Coniferous Plants: plants that form seeds in cones

  • These trees keep their leaves in winter

​

Seeds and Cones

Producing Spores

• Some plants do NOT produce flowers, pollen, seeds, or cones

• Instead, they produce spores

  • A tiny cell that can grow into a plant

• Spores drop off the plant into the soil, and then a new plant grows

  • Ferns and Moss

Multiple Choice

Angiosperms produce seeds in?

• Fruits
• Roots
• Flowers
• Leaves

Multiple Choice

_________________ have no flowers, seeds not protected by fruit.

• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms
• Ferns
• Mosses

Multiple Choice

Why do nonvascular plants grow close to the ground?

• They require less soil nutrients.
• They are adapted to dry environments.
• They need sunlight to grow tall.
• To absorb water

Multiple Choice

In which two groups does moss belong?

• Ferns
• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms
• Spore Producing & Non-vascular plants

Multiple Choice

Gymnosperms produce seeds usually in

• flowers
• fruits
• leaves
• cones

Multiple Choice

Angiosperms are easily classified because of the ___ that they produce.

• bark and wood
• roots and stems
• flowers and fruits
• leaves and seeds

Multiple Choice

Do Cones have seeds?

• Only some cones have seeds.
• Yes, cones have seeds.
• No, cones do not have seeds.
• Cones are not related to seeds.

Multiple Choice

Do Spores have seeds?

• Spores contain seeds within them.
• Yes, spores are a type of seed.
• No, spores do not have seeds.
• Spores and seeds are the same thing.