Unit 1: Macromolecules and Enzymes

Open Ended

Is what you eat important? Why?

Open Ended

What are macromolecules and why are they important to living things?

Open Ended

Differentiate between a monomer and a polymer.

Open Ended

What is the purpose of dehydration synthesis and how does it work?

Multiple Choice

What role do carbohydrates play in metabolism?

• They are the primary source of energy

• They are used for building muscle

• They are used for storing vitamins

• They are used for hormone production

Multiple Choice

What are the three types of carbohydrates based on the number of monomers they have?

• Monosaccharides

• Disaccharides

• Polysaccharides

• All of the above

Draw

Draw the structure of a monosaccharide.

Multiple Select

Which statement is FALSE?

• carbohydrates are made up of elements CHO

• Carbohydrates provide short term energy

• Polysaccharides are made up of one monosaccharide

• Common endings for carbohydrates is -ase

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Multiple Choice

What type of carbohydrate is represented in the image?

• monosaccharide

• disaccharide

• polysaccharide

• none of the above

Multiple Choice

Which of the following foods is NOT high in carbohydrates?

• candy

• fruits

• pasta

• chicken

Multiple Choice

A hydrocarbon chain that is sometimes considered to be a monomer of lipids.

• Fatty Acids

• Nucleic Acids

• Proteins

• Lipids

Multiple Choice

What are the two types of fats mentioned in the image?

• Saturated and Unsaturated

• Solid and Liquid

• Triglyceride and Glycerol

• Butter and Oil

Multiple Choice

What are the two parts of a phospholipid?

• Hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail

• Hydrophobic head and hydrophilic tail

• Glycerol and fatty acids

• Phosphate group and fatty acids

Draw

Draw a phospholipid

Categorize

Options (6)

Has Deoxyribose Sugar

Has Ribose Sugar

Double Stranded

Single Stranded

Thymine as a base

Uracil as a base

Sort the properties by whether they apply to DNA or RNA

DNA

RNA

Multiple Choice

What are the three parts of nucleotides?

• sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base

• sugar, amino acids, phosphate group

• nitrogenous base, sugar, proteins

• phosphate group, amino acids, nitrogenous base

Multiple Choice

What are the main structural differences between DNA and RNA?

• DNA is double-stranded, RNA is single-stranded

• DNA contains Uracil, RNA contains Thymine

• DNA is found in the nucleus, RNA is found in the cytoplasm

• DNA is larger than RNA

Multiple Choice

What is the relationship between food and nucleic acids?

• All food contains proteins

• All food has nucleic acids

• Nucleic acids are included in nutritional labels

• Only plants have nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

What is the activation energy?

• The energy of the products
• The energy of the reactants
• The minimum energy needed by the reactants to form the products.
• The energy lost in the reaction

Multiple Choice

 Enzymes work by lowering activation energy, which is

• Energy needed to start chemical reaction

• Energy required to break hydrogen bonds

• Energy released from chemical reaction

• Energy conserved during catalytic process

Multiple Choice

$$+$$  Which ones are the reactant 2HO $$+$$  Na  $$=$$  H2O2Na

• 2HO

• Na

• 2HO , Na

• H2O2Na

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are specialized __________ that work as __________________.

• Catalysts, Proteins

• Lipids, Catalysts

• Catalysts, Lipids

• Proteins, Catalysts

Multiple Choice

Letter D...

• active site
• enzyme
• substrate
• products

Multiple Choice

Letter B...

• active site
• enzyme
• substrate
• products

Multiple Choice

Letter C...

• active site
• enzymes
• substrate
• products

Multiple Choice

Letter E...

• active site
• enzyme
• substrate
• products

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are _______________ that _____________________ chemical reactions by ____________ the amount of activation energy required to start the reaction.

• carbohydrates, slow down, lowering

• proteins, speed up, increasing

• lipids, speed up, lowering

• proteins, speed up, lowering

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are proteins that have a three-dimensional shape that is specific to a particular substrate. Environmental conditions can change the shape of the protein. What is the most likely result if the shape of the enzyme changes?

• the substrate will change its shape to match the enzyme

• the enzyme will no longer be able to catalyze the reaction with the substrate

• the products made from the enzyme and the substrate will be changed

• the enzyme will be able to bind to more diverse substrates than before

Multiple Choice

The graphs show the reaction rate for an enzyme across a range of temperatures and pH. Based on these data, the enzyme functions best at what temperature and pH?

• temperature of 27 degrees C and pH of 4

• temperature of 37 degrees C and pH of 6

• temperature of 40 degrees C and pH of 8

• temperature of 50 degrees C and pH of 10

Multiple Choice

A student measured the time required for a protein sample to be completely digested in the presence of an enzyme under different pH levels. At which pH is the enzyme most active?

• 7.1

• 6.9

• 6.8

• 7.2

Multiple Choice

If the active site of an enzyme is deformed or damaged, it is said to be:

• denitrated

• devalued

• denatured

• detritus

Multiple Choice

Enzymes are classified as biological catalysts, which means they...

• inhibit the enzymatic reaction of an enzyme

• lower the activation energy of a chemical reaction

• provide ATP for chemical reactions

• help organisms repair themselves

Multiple Choice

Which letter represents the enzyme?

• A

• B

• C

• D

Multiple Choice

a substance that is formed as the result of a chemical reaction

• Product 
• Reactant
• Starters
• Enders

Multiple Choice

What is the left part of a chemical equation called?
2H_{2 +} O₂ --> 2H₂O

• Reactants
• Products 
• Yields 
• Chemical Equation 

Multiple Choice

An enzyme has a specific pH that it will work the best in. What happens to an enzyme if it is in an environment that is outside of that range?

• It will denature but continue to function effectively

• It will speed up the reaction

• It will denature and function less effectively

• It will slow down the reaction

Multiple Choice

The graph shows how enzymes affect reactions in cells. Which statement best summarizes the information shown in the graph?

• Enzymes increase the energy of the reactants.
• Enzymes decrease the energy level of the products.
• Enzyme decrease the activation energy of the reaction.
• Enzymes reverse the direction of the reaction.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this graph?

• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 6.6.
  
• The optimum pH of the enzyme is 5.8
  
• The enzyme’s activity increases as pH increases 5.0 to 9.0
  
• The enzyme’s activity is greater around pH of 8.0 .
  

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is structured in this way?

• Carbohydrates

• Lipids

• Proteins

• Nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

Which major macromolecule is being represented in this image? 

• carbohydrate
• lipid
• protein
• nucleic acid

Multiple Choice

What are the building blocks of proteins?

• amino acid
• fatty acid
• nucleotide
• lipid

Multiple Choice

Nucleotides are monomers of

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Waxes, oils and fats are examples of

• Carbohydrates
• Lipids
• Proteins
• Nucleic Acids

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule is shown?

• lipid

• protein

• nucleic acid

• carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

Proteins are made of... 

• C H O
• C H O N
• C H O N P
• C H O N S

Multiple Choice

Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane?

• lipids
• proteins
• carbohydrates
• nucleic acids

Multiple Choice

An enzyme speeds up a chemical reaction in the cell but can only be used once.  True or False? 

• true
• false

Multiple Choice

Is found in the cell membrane as a bilayer. 

• lipids
• protein
• nucleic acid
• carbohydrate

Multiple Choice

What is an example of a lipid?

Multiple Choice

What is an example of a nucleic acid?

Multiple Choice

What are examples of carbohydrates?

• triglycerides, waxes, fat, and oils

• form polypeptides such as antibodies, enzymes, and hormones

• glucose, fructose, cellulose, and lactose

• DNA and RNA