Genetics Notes

Multiple Choice

What is the process called when traits are passed from parents to their children?

• Heredity

• Evolution

• Mutation

• Adaptation

Multiple Choice

What is the study of heredity called?

• Genetics

• Biology

• Anatomy

• Ecology

Fill in the Blank

Gregor Mendel described 'factors' that are now known as ___.

Multiple Choice

Who is known as the 'Father of Modern Genetics' and what organism did he study to discover the principles of heredity?

• Charles Darwin, finches

• Gregor Mendel, pea plants

• James Watson, fruit flies

• Rosalind Franklin, bacteria

Open Ended

List three traits that Mendel studied in pea plants and describe the two forms each trait could take.

Open Ended

Explain why Mendel was surprised by the results of his pea plant experiments and what these results revealed about inheritance.

Multiple Choice

When Mendel crossed purebred tall pea plants with purebred short pea plants, what was the ratio of tall to short plants in the second generation (F2)?

• 1:1

• 2:1

• 3:1

• 4:1

Multiple Choice

What does the 'P' generation represent in genetics?

• Parental generation

• Children generation

• Grandchildren generation

• Allele generation

Open Ended

Explain the difference between genes and alleles using an example from human traits.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about dominant and recessive alleles is/are correct?

• Dominant alleles always show up when present.

• Recessive alleles are only shown if no dominant allele is present.

• Dominant alleles are shown with a lowercase letter.

• Recessive alleles are shown with a capital letter.

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blank: In a cross between TT and tt pea plants, all offspring in the F1 generation will have the genotype ___.

Open Ended

Describe what is meant by 'homozygous dominant' and give an example using pea plant stem height.

Multiple Choice

Which genotype results in a short-stemmed pea plant?

• TT

• Tt

• tt

• TtT

Multiple Choice

The following genotype represents which type of genotype: AA

• Homozygous dominant

• Homozygous recessive

• Heterozygous

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is an example of a phenotype?

• TT (tall plant)

• Tt (tall plant)

• Blue eyes

• Bb (brown eyes)

Fill in the Blank

Genotype refers to the ___ makeup of an organism.

Multiple Choice

Match the following: 1) Homozygous dominant 2) Heterozygous 3) Homozygous recessive with their correct genotype.

• 1) BB 2) Bb 3) bb

• 1) Bb 2) BB 3) bb

• 1) bb 2) BB 3) Bb

• 1) BB 2) bb 3) Bb

Multiple Choice

Which of the following are examples of genotypes?

• TT

• Tt

• bb

• All of the above

Open Ended

Explain how a Punnett square can be used to predict the probability of offspring inheriting a particular trait.

Open Ended

Explain how the process of meiosis leads to the segregation of alleles and how this is represented in a Punnett square.

Multiple Choice

How does the principle of segregation explain the results seen in a Punnett square when both parents are heterozygous (Tt) for a trait?

• Each parent can only pass on one allele, resulting in a 1:2:1 genotypic ratio in the offspring.

• Both alleles from each parent are always passed to the offspring, resulting in identical offspring.

• Only dominant alleles are passed to the offspring, so all offspring are tall.

• Alleles do not separate during meiosis, so offspring have the same genotype as their parents.

Multiple Choice

Which of the following is homozygous recessive

• Rr

• RR

• rr

• all of them

Multiple Choice

Which of the following genotypes would be considered heterozygous?

• BB

• gg

• Ff

• TT

Multiple Choice

Fill in the Yellow Box

• AA

• Aa

• aa

Multiple Choice

Fill in the Yellow Box

• Bb

• BB

• bb