Unit 3 Exploration 2

Multiple Choice

Why is DNA important?

• it is very small and very complicated
• it's in everything
• it serves as the blueprint for traits of all living things
• because we eat it every day for energy

Multiple Choice

Why is it important to study chromosomes using different types of microscopes?

• To observe various structural details and functions of chromosomes

• To make chromosomes look more colorful

• To speed up cell division

• To avoid using chemicals in experiments

Multiple Choice

Which proteins are responsible for organizing DNA into tightly coiled structures during cell division?

• Histone proteins

• Chromatid proteins

• Nucleosome proteins

• Polymerase proteins

Multiple Choice

DNA carries the code for heritable traits in organisms. Before the 1940s, what was thought to carry this code?

• Proteins

• Lipids

• Carbohydrates

• RNA

Multiple Choice

What determines the code, or information, of a DNA molecule?

• the shape (structure) of the nitrogen bases
• the order (sequence) of the nitrogen bases
• the color of the nitrogen bases
• the frequency (number) of nitrogen bases

Open Ended

Explain the significance of Griffith's experiment in the discovery of DNA as the carrier of genetic information.

Multiple Choice

What is a gene?

• A bundle (like a hot dog bun) that the DNA is packed into
• something inside the nucleus
• a piece of DNA
• all of your DNA

Multiple Choice

Which of the following enzymes was used by Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty to demonstrate that DNA is the transforming factor in bacteria?

• RNase

• Protease

• DNase

• Lipase

​Lab X DNA

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:1e964d56:lx_simulation:1?fullscreen=true

​PBS activity

https://lsintspl3.wgbh.org/en-us/lesson/ilunctv18-il-ilDNA/4

Fill in the Blank

Translation begins at the ___ codon.

Multiple Select

Select all correct statements about gene expression and transcription based on the diagrams and text.

• RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region to start transcription.

• The terminator region signals RNA polymerase to stop transcription.

• The coding strand of DNA is transcribed into mRNA.

• Gene expression involves transcription and translation.

Multiple Choice

Which part of an amino acid determines its unique chemical properties?

• Amine group

• Carboxyl group

• Hydrogen atom

• R group

Open Ended

Explain how the sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined and why this sequence is important for protein function.

Multiple Choice

The order of amino acids determines the ______ and ultimately the function of a protein.

• shape

• color

• flavor

• texture

Multiple Choice

All of the following types of chemical bonds are responsible for maintaining the tertiary structure of this polypeptide shown except:

• ionic bonds

• peptide bonds

• hydrophobic interactions

• disulfide bonds

Fill in the Blank

The process by which the structure of a protein is destroyed and it can no longer carry out its function is called ___.

Multiple Select

Which of the following statements about proteins is/are correct?

• Proteins are made up of amino acids joined by peptide bonds.

• The sequence of amino acids in a protein is determined by the order of nucleotides in DNA.

• Proteins always have a fibrous structure.

• The shape of a protein determines its role.

Wayground

joinmyquiz.com, code 2368 2012

​LABX PCR

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:e145d666:lx_simulation:1?fullscreen=true

Amoeba Sisters Codons

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LsEYgwuP6ko

Gizmos-RNA and Protein Synthesis

LAB X Protein Synthesis

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:9d9f26ed:lx_simulation:1

Protein Synthesis Lab

Open Ended

Describe how histone modification and DNA methylation affect gene expression in eukaryotes.

​Amoeba Sisters Gene Regulation

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ebIpkw3XapE&list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1FOhGlYTtqnG014VLwdoW9n&index=4

​Lab X Gene Regulation

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:364b0671:lx_simulation:1?fullscreen=true

Multiple Select

Which of the following are steps involved in editing mRNA before it is translated into protein?

• Exon splicing

• Poly(A) tail addition

• DNA methylation

• Capping

Multiple Choice

Which post-translational modification involves the addition of lipids and carbohydrates to a protein chain for cellular delivery?

• Cleavage

• Functional group addition

• Disulfide bridge formation

• Phosphorylation

Interactive Protein

https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/bcr-abl-protein-structure-and-function

Gizmos-RNA and Protein Synthesis

Multiple Select

Which of the following are examples of non protein-coding DNA sequences?

• Exons

• Introns

• Regulatory sequences

• DNA-encoding RNA molecules

​Lab X Expressed Genes

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:63b72ce0:lx_simulation:1?fullscreen=true

Open Ended

Explain how gene expression can result in different cell types in multicellular organisms, even though all cells have identical DNA.

Fill in the Blank

In female mammals, one of the two X chromosomes is randomly ___ in every cell.

Open Ended

How does royal jelly influence the development of queen bees compared to worker bees?

Multiple Choice

What percentage of twins have significant differences in gene expression according to studies?

• 15%

• 25%

• 35%

• 50%

​Genetic Switches

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:10d257ba:lx_simulation:1?fullscreen=true

​Cell Differentiation/Specialization

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:2a988622:lx_simulation:1

​Amoeba Sisters Protein Synthesis

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oefAI2x2CQM&list=PLwL0Myd7Dk1FOhGlYTtqnG014VLwdoW9n&index=8

Multiple Choice

Which of the following best describes a mutation?

• A change in the DNA sequence

• A change in the cell membrane

• A change in the organism's diet

• A change in the organism's environment

Open Ended

Explain how somatic mutations can lead to new varieties of fruits, using apples or oranges as examples.

Amoeba Sisters Mutations

​https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vl6Vlf2thvI

Gizmos-Mutations

​Lab X Transformatoi nof DNA

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:b88c05a3:lx_simulation:1

Fill in the Blank

Fill in the blank: Sickle-cell disease is an example of a ___ mutation.

Multiple Choice

Which types of mutations are described as having no effect on the encoded amino acid or phenotype?

• Lethal mutations

• Harmful mutations

• Silent mutations

• Beneficial mutations

Open Ended

Discuss why silent mutations might still be important in evolution, even if they do not change the phenotype.

Multiple Select

Select all statements that are true about silent mutations.

• They do not change the amino acid sequence of the protein.

• They always have no effect on the organism's fitness.

• They can sometimes affect protein folding or gene regulation.

• They are always beneficial.

​Intra chromosomal mutations

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:60bb554f:lx_simulation:1

​Inter chromosomal mutations

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:f21e73f0:lx_simulation:1

​Causes of mutations

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:18d5934a:lx_simulation:1

​Lactase video

https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/making-fittest-got-lactase-co-evolution-genes-and-culture

Gizmos-Protein Synthesis

Open Ended

How do the states of chromosomes during interphase and cell division influence their structure and visibility under a microscope?

Multiple Choice

What are the main differences between chromosomes observed under a light microscope, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscope?

• Light microscope shows banding and puffing in chromosomes, scanning electron microscope shows condensed sex chromosomes, transmission electron microscope shows chromosomes lined up during cell division.

• Light microscope shows only cell walls, scanning electron microscope shows only mitochondria, transmission electron microscope shows only ribosomes.

• Light microscope shows chromosomes in color, scanning electron microscope shows chromosomes in 3D, transmission electron microscope shows chromosomes in motion.

• Light microscope shows chromosomes in interphase, scanning electron microscope shows chromosomes in metaphase, transmission electron microscope shows chromosomes in anaphase.

​Cancer

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:cb6185cf:lx_simulation:1

Breast Cancer

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:a1520d4f:lx_simulation:1

Cancer

https://www.labxchange.org/library/items/lb:LabXchange:f33d813e:lx_simulation:1

Gizmos-karyotyping