Unit 1 Geology Post Test

There are four layers that make up the sphere that we know as Earth. The different layers possess certain characteristic that help scientists to distinguish between them. What is the outer most layer of the Earth called?

• Crust
• Mantle
• Outer core
• Inner core

 The composition of the Earth’s layers is similar to that of a hard-boiled egg. There is the outermost, rigid layer (the egg shell), the layer of slowly flowing rock in the mantle (the egg white), the liquid layer of the core(the thin part around the egg yolk), the solid layer of the core (the egg yolk), and the strong, lower part of the mantle. There are certain elements that are found in each layer. Based on this information, which of the following elements is probably the LEAST dense?

• nickel
• iron
• magnesium
• oxygen

The thickest layer of the Earth is the 

• crust
• Mantle
• outer core
• inner core

From lowest to highest temperature, which is the correct order of Earth’s layers?

• inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
• mantle, crust, outer core, inner core
• crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
• crust, mantle, inner core, outer core

What is the relationship between a rock and a mineral?

• Rocks are made up of minerals.
• Minerals are made up of rocks.
• Rocks are one of the surfaces of the Earth and minerals are underground.
• Rocks and minerals are different names for the same thing.

When rocks undergo weathering, they become

• magma
• igneous
• sediment
• volcanic cones

How is weathering different from erosion?

• Weathering and erosion describe the same process.
• Weathering is the movement of sediment and erosion is the breaking down of material into sediment.
• Weathering is the breakdown of material into sediment and erosion is the movement of sediment.
• Weathering is the condition of the atmosphere, and erosion is the movement of sediment.

The first evidence used to prove the theory of continental drift was

• the magnetic field underwent numerous reversals throughout Earth’s history.
•  the continents seems to fit together like pieces of a jigsaw puzzle.
• lines of islands on moving plates formed above hotspots.
• scientists could tell that the continents are still moving today.

Seismic waves are the waves of energy caused by the sudden breaking of rock within the earth or an explosion. These waves travel at different speeds through the Earth. Knowing this information, choose the greatest factor that affects the speed of the seismic wave.

• density
• areas
• mass
• shape

The diagram above is an example of fossils found on separate continents and nowhere else, suggesting the continents were once joined and somehow separated over billions of years. This theory was called

• Continental Drift
• Plate Tectonics
• Seismic Shifting
•  The Great Divide