cold fish

Based on information in the article, "A Real Cold Fish," which best describes the difference between Antarctic toothfish and their warm-water notothenioid cousins?

• Toothfish contain genes that create antifreeze proteins, while warm-water notothenioids had none of this type of gene.
• Toothfish have higher levels of antifreeze proteins and more copies of genes that create them than warm-water notothenioids do.
• Toothfish have fewer antifreeze genes in their brains and livers than warm-water notothenioids do.
• Toothfish were discovered by Arthur DeVries, while warm-water notothenioids were discovered by Christina Cheng.

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

What is one benefit of studying notothenioids and their unusual genes?

• Scientists can better understand the process by which genes turn DNA information into proteins.
• Scientists can better understand how more copies of genes could be provided for warm-water notothenioids.
• Scientists can better understand how the remaining 10 percent of the fish biomass of the Southern Ocean survives.
• Scientists can better understand how global climate change will ultimately affect these cold-water fish.

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Which is the closest synonym for the word adaptation?

• maximize
• modification
• matrimony
• maintenance

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NGSS.HS-LS4-4

Which of these is a statement of opinion?

• Researchers should be more concerned about the effects of global warming on people than its effects on Antarctic fish.
• The study sought to find the genes responsible for the antifreeze protein.
• Researchers concluded that Antarctic notothenioids have a specific genetic makeup that allows them to produce the antifreeze.
• The study explored the genetic adaptations that enable notothenioids to survive.

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NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

NGSS.HS-ESS3-1

The researchers found that a small group of genes dominates the process for sending the code to make the antifreeze protein.
Which would be the closest synonym for the word dominates?

• cascades
• counters
• certifies
• controls

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Think about the following statement made by Christina Cheng:
"If you have a drastic rise in the water temperature, we don't know how well the Antarctic fish will adapt, whether they will die out or not. And if they do, then the whole Antarctic food web will be drastically affected."
The author included the sentences above in the article in order to __________.

• Explain how extra copies of antifreeze genes in Antarctic fish can help them adapt to freezing temperatures
• Explain why cold-water notothenioids make up more than 90 percent of the Southern Ocean's fish biomass
• Explain why global climate change will ultimately have no effect on warm-water notothenioids
• Explain that the study might help scientists understand the threat posed to notothenioids by global warming

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NGSS.HS-ESS3-5

NGSS.HS-LS2-6

NGSS.HS-LS4-5

Inherited traits are controlled by genes.

• True
• False

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Near what continent are the notothenioids found?

• Europe
• North America
• Missouri
• Antarctica

Which replaces ?

• Live only in the Southern Ocean
• Were discovered by Arthur DeVries
• Share many of the same genes
• Share none of the same genes

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

Think about the article. Since Antarctic toothfish can make antifreeze proteins, then__________.

• The fish can live in the ice-cold waters of the Southern Ocean.
• The fish can live with tiny bits of ice in their blood.
• The fish are not likely to be affected by climate changes.
• The fish are not an important part of the Antarctic food web.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-5

NGSS.MS-LS3-1

NGSS.MS-LS4-4