Cardiac anatomy and Physiology

Where does the inferior vena cava drain?

• lingula

• right atrium

• right ventricle

• left atrium

What is the anatomic parallel of the right middle lobe of the lung?

• pulmonary ligament

• thymus

• hilum

• lingula

Which vessels drain into the left atrium?

• pulmonary veins

• pulmonary arteries

• inferior and superior vena cava

• bronchial veins

Which valve lies between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart?

• Coronary valve

• mitral valve

• pulmonary valve

• tricuspid valve

What is the primary current responsible for phase 0 of the action potential in a nodal cell?

• If

• I Ca (T)

• I K

• I Ca (L)

Which of the following is the depolarization phase of the action potential in pacemaker cells?

• Phase 3

• Phase 0

• Phase 1

• Phase 4

What is the beating frequency of the SA node?

• 60-100

• 30-40

• 60-90

• 40-60

The conductance of which ion results in phase 2 characteristics in a ventricular myocyte action potential?

• Calcium

• Chloride

• Magnesium

• Potassium

Which of the following non-pacemaker action potential phases involves fast sodium channels?

• Phase 4

• Phase 3

• Phase 0

• Phase 1

Which of the following statements characterizes the ECG electrical activity between a pair of positive and negative electrodes?

• it represents the average of the many depolarization vectors “seen” in the heart taken by those electrodes.

• The ECG is not concerned with the polarity of the electrodes.

• If the depolarization wave travels toward a negative electrical pole you will get a positive deflection on the ECG.

• A single pair of positive and negative electrodes can give multiple electrical views of the heart without repositioning the electrodes.