Social and Emotional Development

As an alternative to harsh discipline, time out involves 

• A. Taking privileges away for a specified time period.
• B. Removing children from the immediate setting until they are ready to act appropriately.
• C. A period of time when parents and children do not talk to each other.
• D. A period of unsupervised time when no rules are enforced. 
  

How can parents of fearless, impulsive children best foster conscience development? 

• A. By ensuring a secure attachment relationship and firmly correcting misbehavior
• B. Through the use of requests, suggestions, and explanations
• C. Through reward and punishment tactics
• D. By threatening to withdraw parental love

How can parents and teachers reduce preschoolers' gender stereotyping?

• A. By not using the pronouns "he" and "she"
• B. By pointing out exceptions to stereotypes in the community
• C. By organizing experiences into gender schemas
• D. By discouraging cross-gender activities and behaviors

Four- to 7-year-olds regard friendship as

• A. Based on abstract qualities, like fairness. 
• B. Pleasurable play and sharing of toys.
• C.  Having enduring, long-term qualities.
• D. Based on sharing thoughts and feelings.

Between early and middle childhood, instrumental aggression __________ and hostile aggression __________.

• A. Develops; dissipates
• B. Increases; decreases
• C. Increases; stays the same
• D. Declines; rises

Time spent watching violent TV programming in childhood and adolescence 

• A. Has no reliable relationship to later aggression.
• B. Is related to later aggression for children with low IQs.
• C. Predicts later aggression only for young children.
• D. Predicts aggressive behavior in early adulthood.

To promote good social relations, most cultures teach children to

• A. Hide their true feelings in most social interactions.
• B. Listen and not speak until asked to do so.
• C. Communicate positive feelings and inhibit unpleasant ones.
• D. Communicate all of their feelings, both positive and negative.

A child with a strong sense of self is also likely to be

• A. Insecure.
• B. Modest.
• C. Cooperative.
• D. Inhibited.

Parents are most likely to rely on punishment or physical restraint when they want 

• A. Accountability and an apology.
• B. Lasting changes in behavior.
• C. A strong emotional bond with their child.
• D. Immediate compliance

Of the following, which statement is true regarding cross-cultural studies of children's peer sociability?

• A. Parents in all cultures recognize the importance of structured daily play activities
• B. Unlike individualistic cultures, collectivist societies stress group harmony during play.
• C. Children in collectivist societies spend more time in solitary play than children in individualistic societies.
• D. Children engage in very similar play patterns in all cultures.