Regents Review: Court Cases

Under the leadership of Chief Justice John Marshall, the U.S. Supreme Court issued decisions that

• declared racial segregation laws unconstitutional
• gave states the power to tax the Bank of the United States
• increased the ability of Congress to limit the powers of the president
• established the supremacy of federal laws over state laws

In Marbury v. Madison (1803), the Justices of the Supreme Court established their power to

• exercise judicial review
• hold office for life
• impeach the President
• settle disputes between states

The significance of the Supreme Court case of Marbury v. Madison is that

• a Federal law was declared unconstitutional
• the principle of States rights was greatly strengthened
• the separate but equal principle was established
• the constitutionality of the National Bank was upheld

Many of the decisions made by the Supreme Court while John Marshall was Chief Justice led directly to

• a reduction of federal influence in economic affairs
• an increase in the power of the federal government over the states
• a greater role for Congress in foreign policy
• a limitation on slavery in the states

Which Supreme Court decision is most closely associated with the Trail of Tears

• McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)
• Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)
• Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
• Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)

Most Southerners praised the Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) because it

• granted citizenship to all enslaved persons

• protected the property rights of slave owners in the territories

• upheld the principle of popular sovereignty

• supported the right of a state to secede from the Union

The Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857) was significant because it

• allowed slavery in California
• outlawed slavery in the Southern States
• upheld the actions of the Underground Railroad
• ruled that Congress could not ban slavery in the territories

What was a major result of the United States Supreme Court decision in Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)?

• it strengthened the determination of abolitionists

• it caused the immediate outbreak of the Civil War

• it ended the importation of slaves into the United States

• it increased the power of Congress to exclude slavery from the territories

The decision of the Supreme Court in the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson case is important because it

• upheld the legality of sharecropping

• denounced the violence of the Ku Klux Klan

• approved separate but equal facilities for black Americans

• declared slavery to be illegal

In Schenck v. United States (WW1, 1919), the Supreme Court decided that a “clear and present danger” to the country allowed the federal government to

• establish a peacetime draft

• restrict first amendment rights

• suspend habeas corpus

• limit minority voting rights