TESTING PRINCIPLES

It refers to the ideal knowledge all mature speakers hold in their minds. 

• Competence
• Performance
• Use

Refers to the ability to use knowledge of language system in order to achieve some kind of communicative purpose. 

• Use
• Direct assessment
• Usage
• Competence

Use examples of performance as an indicator of communicative competence. These tests use testing tasks of the same type as language tasks in the real world.

• Indirect Assessment
• Direct Tests
• Descrete point
• Integrative assessment

It consists of items that test the ability to combine knowledge of different parts of the language.

• Discrete Point
• Subjective Assessment
• Integrative assessment

Requires that an assessor makes some judgement according to some criteria and experience.

• Objective Assessment
• Subjective Assessment
• Integrative Assessment

These skills are generally resistant to objective marking.

• Productive Skills
• Direct Tests
• Receptive Skills

These tests are linked to the future use of language.

• backward-looking assessment
• contextualized items
• forward-looking assessment

Refers to integrative items that need a full context in order to function.

• contextualized language
• disembodied language
• objective items

Refers to the flawed realization of competence that comes out in language use.

• Productive

• Competence

• Performance

• Receptive

Examples of this characteristic can show the learner’s current state of competence, but will not necessarily indicate anything about the learner’s possible performance.

• Validity

• Performance

• Use

• Usage