CH 9 Lesson 2

Abū Bakr unified the Muslim world by 

• distributing the wealth of rich merchants to poor people throughout the Muslim world. 
• encouraging tribes to solve their disputes through discussion and compromise.
• granting freedom of religion throughout the Arab Empire.
• suppressing political and religious uprisings.

When Abū Bakr died

• a committee of tribal leaders was formed to rule the Arab Empire.
• conflicts over who should rule resulted in several assassinations.
• his son took over the leadership of the Arab Empire.
• Muslim leadership of the Arab Empire was challenged by Christian opponents.

In 636, the Arab army took advantage of a dust storm army to defeat

• the army of the Russian Empire
• the Byzantine army
• a group of dissenting tribes within the Arab Empire
• the Spanish army.

In 680, what event led Islam to split into two conflicting groups? 

• the entry of new ethnic groups into the Arab Empire
• the defeat of Arab forces in Gaul 
• a revolt in Iraq led by the son of Muhammad’s son-in-law
• the unsuccessful attack by Muslim forces on Constantinople

 The golden age of the Abbasid caliphate was the reign of 

• Hārūn al-Rashīd
• Ali
• Hussein
• Abū al-‘Abbās.

Since Muhammad had named no successor before he died, his followers chose Abū Bakr, Muhammed’s adviser and ____________________, to be their religious and political leader

• father-in-law
• Madinah
• Umayyad
• Berbers

 Early caliphs ruled their empire from the city of ________________

• father-in-law
• Madinah
• Umayyad
• Berbers

When General Mu’āwiyah made the position of caliph hereditary, he established the _____________ dynasty

• Tours
• Madinah
• Umayyad
• Berbers

The ________ were a pastoral people in North Africa who were conquered and converted to Islam by the Arabs.

• Tours
• Madinah
• Umayyad
• Berbers

Arab expansion in Western Europe was halted when Arab armies were defeated at the Battle of ______________

• Tours
• Madinah
• Umayyad
• Berbers