AP Mod. 48 Mr. White

The powerful survival impulse that leads infants to seek closeness to their caregivers is called _______. 

• attachment
• imprinting
  imprinting
• habituation
• rooting reflex 

Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with  

• adequate nourishment
• body contact.
• the opportunity to explore.
• self-esteem.

The process by which certain birds form attachments during a critical period very early in life is called 

• imprinting.
• assimilation.
• habituation.
• bonding.

Unlike ducklings, children do not imprint. Their fondness for certain people, however, is fostered by  

•  conservation.
• egocentrism.
• mere exposure.
• infantile amnesia.

Which of the following factors contributes most positively to the development of secure attachment between human infants and their mothers? 

• conventional morality
• responsive parenting
• stranger anxiety
• authoritarian discipline 

The labels “easy,” “difficult,” and “slow-to-warm-up,” are used to refer to differences in an infant's  

• gender schema.
• assimulation.
• temperament.
• gender typing.

A child's temperament is likely to be  

• difficult to observe.
• stable over time.
•  a product of parenting style.
• a reflection of his or her gender schema.

Infants who lack a caring mother are said to suffer    

• abuse
• electra complex
• maternal narcisism
• maternal deprivation

Difficult babies with an intense and highly reactive temperament tend to be                

• intelligent and imaginative.
• irritable and unpredictable.
•  fearless and assertive.
• extraverted and cheerful.

Children’s anxiety over separation from parents peaks at around ______________, then gradually declines.

• 10 months
• 16 months
• 13 months
• depends on divorce of parents