Chapter 7: Learning

Correlational studies show that prolonged viewing of televised violence ___________ increased ratesof violent behavior.

• inhibits
• predicts
• is unrelated
• causes

Children of abusive parents often learn to be aggressive by imitating their parents.  This illustrates the importance of

• delayed reinforcement.
• shaping
• respondent behavior.
• observational learning

Alex learned to babysit and care for young children effectively by observing the many ways his mother carefully nurtured his own younger siblings.  This best illustrates the value of observational learning for promoting

• conditioned responses.
• spontaneous recovery.
• instinctive drift.
• prosocial behavior.

Skinner is to shaping as Bandura is to 

• punishing.
• generalizing.
• modeling.
• discriminating.

We find it harder to frown when viewing a smile than when viewing a frown.  This can most clearly be attributed to 

• partial reinforcement.
• cognitive maps.
• mirror neurons.
• spontaneous recovery.

Dan and Joel, both 4 years-olds, have been watching reruns of "Superman" on television.  Joel's mother recently found the boys standing on the garage roof, ready to try flying.  What best accounts for the boys' behavior?

• delayed reinforcement
• classical conditioning
• immediate reinforcement
• observational learning

A learned association between a response and a consequence is central to

• operant conditioning
• modeling
• classical conditioning
• latent learning

To get you to increase the frequency of your daily exercise, operant behavior specialists are most likely to recommend that you

• specify your exercise goals and inform some close friends of your goals.
• avoid trying to keep track of exactly how much you have exercised in a specific weekly period.
• never reward yourself with a light snack after achieving specific exercise goals.
• congratulate yourself even when you fail to fulfill your specific exercise goals.

Alex learned how to make 3-point basketball shots by successfully making very short shots before shooting from increasingly longer distances from the hoop.  This learning strategy best illustrates the process of 

• observational learning.
• shaping.
• classical conditioning.
• delayed reinforcement.

B.F. Skinner's critics have claimed that he neglected the importance of the individual's

• cultural background.
• pleasure-seeking tendencies.
• personal freedom.
• early childhood experiences.