Viruses, bacteria, & defense against pathogens

Most viruses do not kill humans. Why not?

• Viruses can only kill bacterial cells

• Humans have 100 trillion cells; viruses can't infect enough to kill

• Our immune cells hunt and kill viruses

• We have vaccines for all viruses

Lysis is 

• rupture of a cell membrane
• replication of a virus
• bacterial reproduction
• a process that rarely happens

The ingredient in a vaccine that stimulates the immune system to develop antibodies is

• egg protein
• tobacco plant protein
• a dead or weakened form of the virus
• bacteriophages

Antibiotics are used to treat

• viruses
• bacteria
• both viruses and bacteria
• fungal infections, only

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-2

Antibiotics work by 

• destroying the cell wall of bacteria
• destroying the protein coat of viruses
• destroying the DNA of the pathogen
• stimulating the immune system to produce antibodies

What is the most likely reason there is no vaccine for the common cold?

• The common cold only lasts a few days
• The virus for the common cold can't be identified
• The common cold is bacterial
• The common cold is caused by hundreds of different viruses

The people most at risk of dying from influenza are

• infants under 2 months, only
• infants and elderly people
• all people under age 25
• nobody dies from the flu!

Herd immunity is most effective at protecting infants and others who cannot have vaccines when

• everyone under 18 is vaccinated
• a high proportion of all people are vaccinated
• factory farming is outlawed
• antibiotic are used to treat viral infections

Bio-farming technology is being used to develop vaccines in plants because

• bio-farming shortens the manufacturing time significantly
• large numbers of people are allergic to eggs
• antibiotic resistance has made traditional methods ineffective
• traditional vaccines no longer work

A pandemic is

• a local outbreak infecting 80% or more of people
• a nationwide outbreak of a lethal virus
• a worldwide outbreak of a virus
• an viral infection delivered by aliens

Tags

NGSS.HS-ETS1-1