8.4b Use context, structure, and connotations to determine

 When people who come to the U. S. from foreign countries want to become citizens, they must go through a process called naturalization. The process requires them to file an application, take a naturalization test, and appear in court.

In the passage above, what does the word naturalization mean?

• A. a test that foreigners must take before entering the U.S.
• B. a test that people must take to become U.S. citizens
• C. an application for citizenship in the U.S.
• D.the process by which people may become U.S. citizens

Marcus took his turn at the front of the line.

In which sentence is the meaning of turn closest to its meaning in the passage above?

• A.You must wait your turn to buy your popcorn.
• B.The boy will turn twelve next month.
• C. The meat will turn rancid if you leave it out.
• D.Water will turn to ice if it gets very cold.

The conceited actress wanted to talk only about herself. She knew she was more interesting than everyone else. She didn’t want to waste time hearing other people talk about their boring lives. 

What does conceited mean in the passage above?

• A. friendly
• B. talented
• C. shy
• D. vain

Snowmobiles are causing problems in some of our national parks. Particulate matter, emitted by engines of vehicles, is a cause of haze and smog.

In the passage above, what is the meaning of the words particulate matter?

• A. particular
• B. haze
• C. smog
• D.  soot

A security guard making his hourly rounds at the Smith Federal building in Washington, DC noticed light coming from the building’s back door. He looked inside and saw a wooden box with a note taped to the outside: "Do not come any closer, this box will EXPLODE." Near the box, the guard noticed a large black flashlight. Realizing the potential danger of the situation, he carefully retraced his steps and called for assistance.
Which word is a synonym (has nearly the same meaning) of the word potential?

• A. unattainable
• B. unlikely
• C. possible
• D. positive

Nature uses air, water and land again and again. This is called recycling. Energy in the form of sunlight provides the power for nature to recycle.
What does recycling mean in the passage above?

• A. energetic
• B. returning
• C. using again
• D. naturally occurring

Mammals share three common characteristics. Mammals have hair for fur. Also, unlike reptiles, mammals are warm-blooded, which means that their body temperatures do not change to match the temperature of their surroundings. Finally, in the early part of their lives, mammals feed off of milk that their mothers produce.
What type of context clue is used to help you define the word characteristics?

• A. example
• B. antonym
• C. synonym
• D. explanation

 Paul Ancel, an important poet of the twentieth century, was born in Bukovina, Romania. He wrote under the pseudonym Paul Celan, an anagram of his last name. Unlike his parents, who were deported and killed in Nazi labor camps, Celan was interned by the Nazi for 18 months before he could escape and join the Red Army. Following World War II, Celan wandered between borders when Bukovina was erased from the world map. He was an immigrant in Paris for a while. Although he was freed from the Nazi labor camps in 1944, his spirit never recuperated from the horrendous experiences. Celan's most noted poem Death Fugue exposes his need of healing.
Which word from the paragraph helps the reader understand the meaning of the word recuperated?

• A. healing
• B. erased
• C. wandered
• D. escape

Paul Ancel, an important poet of the twentieth century, was born in Bukovina, Romania. He wrote under the pseudonym Paul Celan, an anagram of his last name. Unlike his parents, who were deported and killed in Nazi labor camps, Celan was interned by the Nazi for 18 months before he could escape and join the Red Army. Following World War II, Celan wandered between borders when Bukovina was erased from the world map. He was an immigrant in Paris for a while. Although he was freed from the Nazi labor camps in 1944, his spirit never recuperated from the horrendous experiences. Celan's most noted poem Death Fugue exposes his need of healing.
As used in the paragraph above, interned means .............

• A. imprisoned.
• B. affirmed.
• C. clamored.
• D. dictated.

Paul Ancel, an important poet of the twentieth century, was born in Bukovina, Romania. He wrote under the pseudonym Paul Celan, an anagram of his last name. Unlike his parents, who were deported and killed in Nazi labor camps, Celan was interned by the Nazi for 18 months before he could escape and join the Red Army. Following World War II, Celan wandered between borders when Bukovina was erased from the world map. He was an immigrant in Paris for a while. Although he was freed from the Nazi labor camps in 1944, his spirit never recuperated from the horrendous experiences. Celan's most noted poem Death Fugue exposes his need of healing.
The paragraph states that "Celan" is an anagram of "Ancel." What is the definition of anagram?

• A. rearrangement of letters
• B. the renaming of self
• C. pseudonym of a poet
• D. Romanian version of a word