Cell Cycle & DNA

Which of the following is a correct statement about the events of the cell cycle?

• Little happens during G1 and G2 phases of the cell cycle.
• DNA replicates during the S phase of interphase.
• Mitosis is usually the longest phase of the cell cycle whent eh cell is growing.
• Interphase consists of the G1, S, G2 phases, and mitosis.

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A lab assistant was told to watch the mitosis of a eukaryotic cell under the microscope and inform the lead scientist when the cell entered prophase.  What should the assistant expect to look for to indicate that the cell is in prophase?

• The chromosomes gather at opposite ends of the cell, two new cells can be seen
• The sister chromatids separate and pulled apart.
• The chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
• The chromatin condenses into chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and a spindle begins to form.

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The cell cycle is important to the growth of organisms.  In humans, for example, mitosis begins shortly after the egg is fertilized by the sperm, producing vast numbers of cells needed for the embryo to take form.  During the process of mitosis, one parent cell divides to create - 

• four new genetically different daughter cells
• two new genetically identical daughter cells
• three new genetically identical daughter cells
• two new genetically different daughter cells

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All forms of cancer are characterized by - 

• an abnormal, unregulated production of cells
• the aggregation of cells into a mass called a tumor
• the spreading of abnormal cells to tissues across the body
• the inhibition of DNA replication in affected cells

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

Why will knowledge of the human genome enable scientists to better understand proteins involved in human diseases?

• DNA contains teh information used to make proteins.
• Nucleic acid molecules have shapes similar to those of proteins.
• The bases that make up DNA are also present in RNA.
• Chromosomes can combine to form proteins.

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Use picture

• amino acid
• nucleotide
• polysaccharide
• pyrimidine

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Erwin Chargaff studied the DNA of organisms whithin a single species.  Chargaff discovered that the amount of adenine is about equal to the amount of thymine.  Which of these explains why the ratio of adenine to thymine is nearly 1:1? 

• Adenine and thymine always pair with each other.
• Adenine binds with phosphates, while thymine bonds with nitrates.
• Adenine and thymine are identical in chemical composition.
• Adenine bases contain a form of thymine.

The individuality of an organism is determined by the organisms

• nitrogen base sequence
• the order of the phosphates and sugars
• polymers
• amino acids

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

AATCGC
Which of the following nucleotide base sequences complements the section of DNA modeled above?

• UTCGCA
• TTAGCG
• GCGATT
• TTUCGGC

• No nitrogenous bases in common with each other
• The same four nitrogenous bases in common with each other 
• Human and Ox only share adenine in common with each other
• Bacteria and Sea Urchin have no common nitrogenous bases