KE REVIEW~ MODULE 2

The diagram shows the various stages of the cell cycle in onion root tip cells.

MOST of the plant cells in this diagram are in which of the following stages of the cell cycle? 

• telophase
• prophase
• anaphase
• interphase

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Genetic information is contained in deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules, which are primarily located in the nuclei of most organisms. Each DNA molecule has a double helix shape, and consists of two strands connected by base pairs at regular intervals. Which of the following BEST describes how bases are paired in DNA molecules? 

• Adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine. 
• Adenine always pairs with guanine, and thymine always pairs with cytosine. 
• Adenine always pairs with uracil, and guanine always pairs with cytosine. 
• Adenine always pairs with guanine, and uracil always pairs with cytosine. 

In order to survive, cells must be able to synthesize molecules from their DNA templates. Which of the following BEST describes the process of translation? 

• During translation, amino acids are joined together in chains to form complex carbohydrates. 
• During translation, amino acids are joined together in chains to form proteins.
  
• During translation, sugars are joined together in chains to form complex carbohydrates. 
• During translation, sugars are joined together in chains to form proteins. 

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The kangaroo rat has many adaptations that allow it to survive in its harsh desert environment.

Which of the following adaptations does NOT help the kangaroo rat escape from predators? 

• the ability to obtain needed water from seeds
• excellent hearing
• large back legs
• sandy fur color

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Many types of symbiosis exist in nature. Which of the following is NOT an example of symbiosis? 

• predation
• mutualism
• parasitism
• commensalism

Environmental changes such as climate changes can greatly impact an ecosystem. Which of the following is NOT an example of how climate changes could impact ecosystems? 

• Warming could force species to migrate to higher latitudes and altitudes. 
• Warming could lead to birds migrating and nesting earlier.
  
• Warming could lead to a loss of sea ice as a habitat for particular species. 
• Warming could increase a species’ resistance to disease. 

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All organisms on Earth can be arranged into five levels of organization. Which of the following correctly organizes these levels from most exclusive to least exclusive? 

• biosphere, ecosystem, population, community, and species 
• species, population, community, ecosystem, and biosphere 
• biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, and species 
• species, community, population, ecosystem, and biosphere 

The figure shows the forelimbs of various mammals. Which of the following BEST explains why the similar forelimbs shown below are considered homologous structures? 

• They are all forelimbs.
  
• They have similar structures.
  
• They have a common underlying anatomy that was also seen in their last common ancestor. 
• They evolved from a common ancestor, as did all other vertebrates. 

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NGSS.HS-LS4-1

DNA fingerprinting was first developed in England in 1985 by Sir Alec Jeffreys. Since that time, DNA fingerprinting has been used for paternity testing. It has also been used to identify victims of crime and to convict criminals. Which of the following BEST describes the technique of DNA fingerprinting? 

• DNA fingerprinting compares stem cells from different individuals.
  
• DNA fingerprinting compares entire DNA molecules from different individuals.
  
• DNA fingerprinting compares segments of DNA molecules from different individuals. 
• DNA fingerprinting compares specific amino acids from different individuals. 

In horses, black hair is dominant, and light-colored hair is recessive. If a white stallion is crossed with a mare that is homozygous for the gene for black hair, what is the probability that ALL of the offspring will have black hair? 

• 100%
• 50%
• 25%
• 0%

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