U3 Bonding and Naming Review

Name the following

Ca₃(PO₄)₂

• calcium phosphate

• calcium (III) phosphate

• tricalcium diphosphate

• calcium phosphide

Answer explanation

Calcium is a metal (not special) and you have a polyatomic ion making it ionic.

Name the metal + polyatomic name

calcium phosphate

What is true about the valence electrons?

• electrons on the outermost ring
• electrons that are involved in bonding
• noble gases have eight of them

• all answers are correct

Which type of bond transfers electrons?

• ionic

• covalent

Answer explanation

ionic is the metal losing electrons and the nonmetal gaining electrons = transfer

covalent is both nonmetals trying to gain, so they must share

Which of the following always occurs as a monoatomic molecule?

• Chalcogens 
• Alkali metals
• Noble gases

• Alkaline earth metals

Answer explanation

Monatomic means 1 atom, typically an atom that LOVES to be by itself AKA the noble gases

How many total electrons are in the phosphorous ion with a -3 charge?

• 18

• 15

• 12

• 10

Answer explanation

Neutral phosphorous has 15 electrons; HOWEVER, when it has a -3 charge, it gains 3 electrons.

15 + 3 = 18 total electrons

What type of bond shares electrons equally?

• polar covalent

• ionic
• nonpolar covalent

Answer explanation

nonpolar covalent means sharing equally (similar electronegativities)

polar covalent means sharing unequally (different electronegativities)

ionic isn't sharing, its transferring electrons

What is the empirical formula of nicotine, C₁₄H₁₀O₂

• C₁₂H₈O

• C₁₄H₁₀O₂

• C₇H₅O

• CH₂O

Answer explanation

Empirical means simplify

14, 10, and 2 can all be divided by 2 =

7, 5, 1

Give the chemical formula for oxygen tetrabromide

• OBr₄

• O₂Br₆
• OBr₂

• O₃Br₆

Answer explanation

Prefixes mean its covalent.

Write formula exactly as its written (no switching)

If these 2 atoms were to make a diatomic nitrogen molecule, what type of bond would form between them?

• single

• double

• triple

• ionic

Answer explanation

each nitrogen has 5 electrons, with 3 single electrons that need friends. One nitrogen shares 3 electrons with the other nitrogen making a triple bond

What is VSEPR shape of BCl₃?

• Trigonal Planar

• Tetrahedral

• Trigonal Pyrimidal

• Linear

Answer explanation

When you have 3 atoms attached to a center atom, it is either trigonal planar or pyramidal.

Since it has no dots on Boron, it is the trigonal planar