Final Exam Review

How did salons in France help shape the Enlightenment? 

• Rebels plotted to overthrow the king.
• Scientists presented their experiments. 
• Thinkers debated new ideas.
• Women achieved equal political rights. 

How was the Enlightenment similar to the Scientific Revolution? 

• Both won the support of the churches. 
• Both highly valued reason and observation.
• Both focused on government and society.
• Both emphasized the rights of the individual.  

Which Enlightenment idea went back to the Renaissance and the Reformation? 

• worth of the individual 
• separation of powers
• equal rights for women 
• absolute power of kings 

Which image of God did many Enlightenment thinkers emphasize? 

• protector against foreign powers 
• author of the words in the Bible 
• creator of the laws of nature
• giver of rewards and punishments  

Why did Thomas Hobbes believe that a country should be ruled by a king with absolute power?

• so laws would be made wisely 
• so the church would not have too much control 
• so people would not fight all the time
• so the same person would make and enforce the laws  

John Locke favored a constitutional monarchy. In that form of government, the monarch 

• was limited by basic laws.
• put all the laws in writing. 
• was elected by the people. 
• served only a few years.

According to Locke’s social contract, what gives government its authority? 

• spending for the public good 
• agreement among free people 
• appointment of kings by God 
• election by a group of nobles

According to Locke, how does a person get a natural right? 

• by signing a social contract
• by reading and conversation 
• by existing as a human being 
• by belonging to a democracy 

If Montesquieu were to visit the United States today, he would be pleased to see his ideas put into action in the 

• Bill of Rights. 
• three branches of government.
• Declaration of Independence. 
• system of fifty states.  

Which of these statements would most likely have been made by Voltaire? 

• "All religions have a core of truth."
• "The king needs absolute power."
• "We should do away with the death penalty." 
• "The government protects people's natural rights."