Structure & Function of Living Things Review

What will most likely be the result if all of the mitochondria are removed from a plant cell?

• It will be unable to carry out respiration.

• It will lose water through osmosis.

• It will break down the ribosomes in the cell.

• It will be unable to photosynthesize.

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What process best explains how a nerve cell and a muscle cell can both develop from the same fertilized egg?

• differentiation

• natural selection

• selective breeding

• genetic engineering

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Before mitosis begins, which happens before the nucleus starts dividing?

• The cytoplasm separates.

• The DNA replicates.

• The sister chromatids separate.

• The homologous chromosomes cross over.

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Why is meiosis important for sexual reproduction?

• It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have triple the chromosome number of the organism.

• It allows gametes to have twice the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

• It allows gametes to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

• It allows the zygote formed from fertilization to have half the original number of chromosomes of the organism.

Which process produces the most variation within a species?

• asexual reproduction

• sexual reproduction

• mitosis

• cloning

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Which structure is found in a plant cell but is absent in an animal cell?

• Mitochondria

• Chloroplast

• Vacuole

• Nucleus

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Which best explains why muscle cells are different from blood cells?

• A mutation occurs during the development of muscle cells but not in blood cells.

• Different genes are activated in muscle cells than in blood cells.

• Muscles cells experience different environmental influences than blood cells.

• Muscle cells are produced by the brain, but blood cells are produced by the heart.

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During which phase of the cell cycle is the cell growing and preparing for cellular division?

• cytokinesis

• anaphase

• prophase

• interphase

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If energy is needed to move materials into or out of a cell, what is most likely occurring?

• active transport

• passive transport

• osmosis

• diffusion

How are prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells similar?

• Both contain a nucleus.

• Both contain ribosomes.

• Both contain membrane-bound organelles.

• Both contain cell walls.