ES-Aug 2015 Q31-40

Which cross section best represents the pattern of sediments deposited on the bottom of a lake as the velocity of the stream entering the lake steadily decreased?

• 1
• 2
• 3
• 4

Which graph best shows the relationship between the compositions of different igneous rocks and their densities?

• graph 1
• graph 2
• graph 3
• graph 4

The geologic cross section below shows rock layers that have not been overturned.
The fault is older than the

• slate
•  marble
• unconformity
• shale

The pie graph below represents the composition, in percent by mass, of the chemical elements found in an Earth layer.
The composition of which Earth layer is represented by the pie graph?

• crust
• outer core
• troposphere
• hydrosphere

The diagram below indicates physical changes that accompany the conversion of shale to gneiss.
Which geologic process is occurring to cause this conversion?

• sedimentary layering
• intrusion of magma
• metamorphism
• weathering

Base your answers to questions 6 and 7 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents four tubes, labeled A, B, C, and D, each containing 150 mL of sediments. Tubes A, B, and C contain well-sorted, closely packed sediments of uniform shape and size. Tube D contains uniformly shaped, closely packed sediments of mixed sizes. The particle size of the sediment in each tube is labeled.
Water was added to each tube to just cover the sediments and the volumes of water added were recorded. These data can best be used to determine the

• particle size of the sediments
• particle shape of the sediments
• water retention of the sediments
• porosity of the sediments

Base your answers to questions 6 and 7 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents four tubes, labeled A, B, C, and D, each containing 150 mL of sediments. Tubes A, B, and C contain well-sorted, closely packed sediments of uniform shape and size. Tube D contains uniformly shaped, closely packed sediments of mixed sizes. The particle size of the sediment in each tube is labeled.
If tubes A, B, and C were set up to test for capillarity, the data would show that capillarity is

•  greatest in tube A
•  greatest in tube B
• greatest in tube C
• the same for tubes A, B, and C

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a cut-away view of Earth’s interior and the paths of some of the seismic waves produced by an earthquake that originated below Earth’s surface. Points A, B, and C represent seismic stations on Earth’s surface. Point D represents a location at the boundary between the core and the mantle.
Seismic station A is 5000 kilometers from the epicenter. What is the difference between the arrival time of the first P-wave and the arrival time of the first S-wave recorded at this station?

• 2 minutes 20 seconds
• 6 minutes 40 seconds
• 8 minutes 20 seconds
•  15 minutes 00 second

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a cut-away view of Earth’s interior and the paths of some of the seismic waves produced by an earthquake that originated below Earth’s surface. Points A, B, and C represent seismic stations on Earth’s surface. Point D represents a location at the boundary between the core and the mantle.
Which process prevented P-waves from arriving at seismic station B?

• refraction
• reflection
• convection
• conduction

Base your answers to questions 8 through 10 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents a cut-away view of Earth’s interior and the paths of some of the seismic waves produced by an earthquake that originated below Earth’s surface. Points A, B, and C represent seismic stations on Earth’s surface. Point D represents a location at the boundary between the core and the mantle.
Only P-waves were recorded at seismic station C because P-waves travel

•  only through Earth’s interior, and S-waves travel only on Earth’s surface
• fast enough to penetrate the core, and S-waves travel too slowly
• through iron and nickel, while S-waves cannot
• through liquids, while S-waves cannot