ES-Jan 2015 Q31-40

Which bar graph best shows the percent by volume of the elements that make up Earth’s hydrosphere?

• bar graph 1
• bar graph 2
• bar graph 3
• bar graph 4

Four locations, A, B, C, and D, are represented on the topographic map below.
Which lettered location has the highest elevation?

• A
• B
• C
• D

3 Which cross section best represents how surface winds form by midafternoon near a shoreline on a hot summer day? [Diagrams are not drawn to scale.]

• Diagram 1
• Diagram 2
• Diagram 3
• Diagram 4

The cross section below represents a prevailing wind flow that causes different climates on the windward and leeward sides of a mountain range.
Compared to the temperature and moisture of the air rising on the windward side, the temperature and moisture of the air descending at the same altitude on the leeward side will be

• warmer and drier
•  warmer and more moist
• cooler and drier
•  cooler and more moist

The diagram of Bowen’s Reaction Series below indicates the relative temperatures at which specific minerals crystallize as magma cools.
Which statement is best supported by Bowen’s Reaction Series?

• Most minerals crystallize at the same temperature
•  Most felsic minerals usually crystallize before most mafic minerals
• Muscovite mica and quartz are the last minerals to crystallize as magma cools.
•  Biotite mica is the first mineral to crystallize as magma cools.

Base your answers to questions 6 through 10 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents Earth’s revolution around the Sun. Points A, B, C, and D represent Earth’s positions in its orbit on the first day of each of the four seasons. The major axis and the foci (the center of the Sun and the other focus) of Earth’s orbit are shown.
Approximately how many days (d) does it take Earth to travel from position A to position C?

• 91 d
• 182 d
• 274 d
•  365 d

Base your answers to questions 6 through 10 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents Earth’s revolution around the Sun. Points A, B, C, and D represent Earth’s positions in its orbit on the first day of each of the four seasons. The major axis and the foci (the center of the Sun and the other focus) of Earth’s orbit are shown.
Since Earth has an elliptical orbit, the

• distance between the Sun and Earth varies
• distance between the Sun and the other focus varies
• length of Earth’s major axis varies
•  length of Earth’s period of revolution varies

Base your answers to questions 6 through 10 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents Earth’s revolution around the Sun. Points A, B, C, and D represent Earth’s positions in its orbit on the first day of each of the four seasons. The major axis and the foci (the center of the Sun and the other focus) of Earth’s orbit are shown.
At positions A, B, C, and D, the north end of Earth’s axis of rotation is pointing toward

• Betelgeuse
• Polaris
• the center of the Milky Way
• the center of our solar system

Base your answers to questions 6 through 10 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents Earth’s revolution around the Sun. Points A, B, C, and D represent Earth’s positions in its orbit on the first day of each of the four seasons. The major axis and the foci (the center of the Sun and the other focus) of Earth’s orbit are shown.
The constellation Orion is visible at night in New York State when Earth is at position A, but not at position C because Earth’s

• nighttime is shorter when Earth is at position A
• period of rotation is shorter than its period of revolution
• distance to Orion is too great for the constellation to be seen
• nighttime side is facing toward a different portion of space

Base your answers to questions 6 through 10 on the diagram below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The diagram represents Earth’s revolution around the Sun. Points A, B, C, and D represent Earth’s positions in its orbit on the first day of each of the four seasons. The major axis and the foci (the center of the Sun and the other focus) of Earth’s orbit are shown.
At which two positions will an observer in New York State experience approximately 12 hours of daylight during one rotation of Earth?

• A and B 
• A and C
• B and C
• B and D