APES Chapter 3 Quiz

Autotrophs

• use photosynthesis
• are able to survive without oxygen
• cannot assimilate carbon
• are at the top of the food chain

a zebra is an example of

• a secondary consumer
• a producer
• a primary consumer
• a scavenger

the average efficiency of energy transfer between trophic levels is approximately

• 1 percent
• 10 percent
• 40 percent
• 90 percent

The gross primary productivity of an ecosystem is

• the total amount of biomass
• the total energy captured by photosynthesis
• the energy captured after accounting for respiration
• the energy available to primary cosumers

Ecosystem boundaries are

• based primarily on topographic features
• boundaries to nutrient flows
• only used for ecosystems smaller than a few square hectares
• depend on many subjective factors

Which of the following is fixed from the atmosphere by bacteria?

• Magnesium
• phosphorus
• sulfur
• nitrogen

Human construction of buildings and pavement affect the hydrologic cycle by
I.    increasing runoff
II.   increasing evaporation
III.  increasing percolation

• I only
• I and II only
• I and III only
• II and III only

the largest carbon pool is found in

• oceans
• atmosphere
• sedimentary rock
• fossil fuels

Phosphorus

• is a limiting nutrient in many aquatic systems
• has an important gaseous phase
• is easily lost in soils due to leaching
• is often produced by volcanic eruptions

Acid rain is associated with which geochemical  cycle?

• potassium
• carbon
• phosphorus
• sulfur