The Enlightenment Acad 2021

This was an 18th century philosophical movement of intellectuals, aiming to apply reason to all aspects of society.

• Reformation

• Renaissance

• Enlightenment

• Scientific Revolution

The Enlightenment thinkers basically believed that people ....

• had the power to reason
• should remain in unequal social classes
• had no rights
• should follow the king because God says so

Montesquieu believed that the best form of government would have

• Direct democracy in which every man voted directly

• An intelligent monarchy that ruled absolutely

• Three branches that would check and balance each other's power

• No influence on the economy or society

Where did Rousseau say the government got its power?

• from God by divine right

• from the nobility by the King’s choice

• from the general will of the people

• from appointed officials with high levels of education

Which of the following was what Mary Wollstonecraft believed about women?

• Women were unreasonable

• Women should stay home

• Women should have equal rights in education

• Women should not participate in politics

Which of the following was a way the ideas of the Enlightenment were spread?

• by KING's post

• Diderot's Encyclopedia

• by the peasants farmers

• by the Catholic Church

Locke's natural rights included...

• life, liberty, and property

• press, expression and religion

• life, property, and travel

• freedom of speech, freedom to bear arms, and freedom of assemble

According to Hobbes, people agreed to give up their _____and_____ in exchange for ______________by an absolute monarch as part of the social contract.

• rights and freedom / protection

• food and shelter / weapons

• security and protection / freedom

• money / goods and services

Thomas Hobbes believed that humans were naturally... _______________.

• pure and innocent

• selfish and wicked.

• intelligent and reasonable beings.

• caring and worked to help one another.

According to Cesare Beccaria:

• torture was necessary

• the death penalty should always be an option

• the punishment should fit the crime

• trials should be private