Chapter 2 Child Development

Assigning traits and behaviors based on a person's environment

• developmental theories
• ethological theory 
• ecological theory 
• genes

Assigning traits and behaviors based on a person's biology 

• ethological theory
• genetics 
• genes
• ecological theory 

Ideas about how people process information, think, and learn

• cross-sectional studies 
• classical conditioning 
• behaviorism
• cognitive theories 

Means of increasing knowledge by observing, formulating a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, and formulating a theory 

• scientific method 
• social cognitive theory 
• genetics 
• cross-sectional studies 

Theory based on the belief that a person's developmental stage should be based on what can be observed or seen in one's behavior rather than making assumptions about what cannot be directly observed

• classical conditioning

• behaviorism

• cognitive theories

• social cognitive theory

Prediction about something that can be tested 

• longitudinal studies 
• genetics 
• manipulative experiments 
• hypothesis 

Behaviors associated with emotional responses

• behavorism
• cognitive theories
• classical conditioning
• cross-sectional studies 

Behaviors that continue when reinforced 

• observable behaviors 
• operant conditioning 
• pyschoanalytic theories 
• naturalistic experiments 

Comprehensive explanations about why people act and behave the way they do and how they change over time 

• descriptive studies 
• ecological theory 
• developmental theories 
• genes 

Method of data collection used to only observe existing groups and record observations 

• operant conditioning 
• observable behaviors 
• naturalistic experiments 
• moral decisions