AP US History Practice Exam 1

“So if a law be in opposition to the constitution; if both the law and the constitution apply to a particular case, so that the court must either decide that case conformably to the law, disregarding the constitution; or conformably to the constitution, disregarding the law; the court must determine which of these conflicting rules governs the case. This is of the very essence of judicial duty.”Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the concept of judicial review, as established by Marbury v. Madison?

• The Supreme Court should review laws that conflict with the Constitution but cannot declare a law is unconstitutional 
• When the law and Constitution conflict, it is impossible to know which takes precedent 
• When the law and Constitution conflict, the Supreme Court will always rule in favor of the law 
• The Supreme Court should review laws that conflict with the Constitution and can strike down a law as unconstitutional 

“But if the reports which we now hear are true, that with England all hope of honorable accommodation is at an end, and that with France our negotiations are in a fowardness encouraging expectations of a favorable result, where is the motive for longer delay? The final step ought to be taken; and that step is WAR. By what course of measures we have reached the present crisis, is not now a question for freemen and patriots to discuss. It exists; and it is by open and manly war only that we can get through it with honor and advantage to the country. Our wrongs have been great; our cause is just; and if we are decided and firm, success is inevitable.”Which of the following factors led to the War of 1812?

• A Canadian invasion of New England
• Growing American involvement in European commerce and affairs
• The destruction of the White House by British ships 
• A Spanish invasion of California 

“But if the reports which we now hear are true, that with England all hope of honorable accommodation is at an end, and that with France our negotiations are in a fowardness encouraging expectations of a favorable result, where is the motive for longer delay? The final step ought to be taken; and that step is WAR. By what course of measures we have reached the present crisis, is not now a question for freemen and patriots to discuss. It exists; and it is by open and manly war only that we can get through it with honor and advantage to the country. Our wrongs have been great; our cause is just; and if we are decided and firm, success is inevitable.”What impact did the War of 1812 have an American nationalism?

• The war reduced nationalism because it was a decisive defeat for America 
• Although the war was a decisive defeat, it had no impact on American nationalism
• Although the conflict was indecisive, it boosted American nationalism.
• Although the war was a decisive victory, it had no impact on American nationalism.

“But if the reports which we now hear are true, that with England all hope of honorable accommodation is at an end, and that with France our negotiations are in a fowardness encouraging expectations of a favorable result, where is the motive for longer delay? The final step ought to be taken; and that step is WAR. By what course of measures we have reached the present crisis, is not now a question for freemen and patriots to discuss. It exists; and it is by open and manly war only that we can get through it with honor and advantage to the country. Our wrongs have been great; our cause is just; and if we are decided and firm, success is inevitable.”What impact did the War of 1812 have on American politics?

• It ushered in the Era of Good Feelings
• It led to the birth of the Free Soil Party
• It had no effect on American politics 
• It caused many Americans to be abstain from voting 

Refer to the following excerpt from Harriet Robinson’s memoir about life in Lowell, Mass., during the early 19th century:“In 1831 Lowell was little more than a factory village. Several corporations were started, and the cotton-mills belonging to them were building. Help was in great demand; and stories were told all over the country of the new factory town, and the high wages that were offered to all classes of work-people, stories that reached the ears of mechanics' and farmers' sons, and gave new life to lonely and dependent women in distant towns and farmhouses.”In what ways, if any, did women participate in the Market Revolution?

• Many women owned businesses and were legally entitled to receive equal pay.
• Women worked in unskilled or semi-skilled jobs for little pay.
• Women began to fill large numbers of skilled manufacturing jobs.
• Women did not participate in the Market Revolution because they felt it was improper to work outside the home.

Refer to the following excerpt from a speech by abolitionist William Lloyd Garrison:“The abolitionism which I advocate is as absolute as the law of God, and as unyielding as his throne. It admits of no compromise. Every slave is a stolen man; every slaveholder is a man stealer. By no precedent, no example, no law, no compact, no purchase, no bequest, no inheritance, no combination of circumstances, is slaveholding right or justifiable.”
How much support did Garrison’s message find amongst Americans in the 19thcentury?

• Very little — most Americans were indifferent to slavery or supported it.
• Very little — the lack of effective communications prevented Garrison from spreading his message.
• A lot — many Americans had long hated slavery and only needed a visionary like Garrison to lead them.
• A lot — most Americans felt ashamed of the nation’s continued support for slavery.

President Andrew Jackson in 1832:“But when the laws undertake to add to these natural and just advantages artificial distinctions, to grant titles, gratuities, and exclusive privileges, to make the rich richer and the potent more powerful, the humble members of society the farmers, mechanics, and laborers who have neither the time nor the means of securing like favors to themselves, have a right to complain of the injustice of their Government.”
Which of the following early 19th century policies would Jacksonian Democrats have supported?

• Tariffs because they raised the price of manufactured goods
• A national bank because it made loans to humble citizens
• The abolition of property requirements for elections and political candidates
• The right of Southern states to secede when their complaints were ignored 

All of the following were true of the Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine EXCEPT

• it was a brazen policy of “preventive intervention.”
• in the event of future financial malfeasance by Latin American nations, the U.S. would intervene, take over the customs-houses, pay off the debts, and keep troublesome Europeans on the far side of the Atlantic.
• it meant that no outsiders could intervene forcefully in Latin American political and economic affairs, including the United States.
• this new brandishing of the Roosevelt Corollary’s big stick in the Caribbean materialized in 1905, when the U.S. took over the management of tariff collections in the Dominican Republic.

The Spanish encomienda system was used primarily in which region of the United States?

• Northwest
• Northeast
• Southwest
• Plains Region

"What we committed in the Indies stands out among the most unpardonable offenses ever committed against God and mankind and this trade [in Indian slaves] as one of the most unjust, evil, and cruel among them."
Bartolomé de Las Casas argued that Indians:

• could be enslaved because they lacked true religion.
  
• were more akin to beasts than humans.
  
• were treated well by the Spanish.
• should enjoy “all guarantees of liberty and justice” as subjects of Spain.