APUSH Period 4

Although the Supreme Court was the weakest of the three branches of government in the early days of the new republic, John Marshall strengthened the Court by

• establishing the principle of federalism, giving federal courts the power to declare laws unconstitutional
• declaring the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions, which asserted the right of states to nullify federal laws, unconstitutional
• establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of McCulloch v. Maryland
• establishing the principle of judicial review in the case of Marbury v. Madison

The Louisiana Purchase was an important factor in the development of U.S. trade because it

• opened new markets among the western Indian nations
• gave the country complete control of the Mississippi River
• added numerous French factories in the Louisiana Territory to the U.S. economy
• facilitated the immediate completion of the transcontinental railroad

As a result of the Hartford Convention following the War of 1812,

• the Federalist party lost credibility and eventually died out
• the Constitution was amended to limit the president to two terms in office
• the New England states threatened to secede
• Congress passed the War Powers Act, limiting future presidents from gaining too much power during wartime, as Madison had

Andrew Jackson accused Henry Clay of using his influence to broker the "corrupt bargain" of 1824 (which cost Andrew  Jackson the election) because Clay

• was promised a cabinet position if John Quincy Adams was elected president
• was promised the vice presidency if Jackson was defeated
• knew Jackson did not support his "American System"
• feared Jackson's pro-slavery stance on states' rights

The controversy over the tariff during the late 1820s and early 1830s demonstrated that

• New Englanders were more radical than Southerners, as they had been since the days of the American Revolution
• Andrew Jackson favored states' rights over federal supremacy
• the system of checks and balances was flawed
• economic sectionalism was a serious threat to national unity

Andrew Jackson's positions on the Second National Bank and the American System typified his

• distrust of large national government programs
• abhorrence of the spoils system
• tendency to favor the interests of the Northeast
• commitment to developing a national economy

The Cherokee of Georgia were forced off their land because

• they refused to assimilate to the "American" way of life
• gold was discovered in their territory and Georgians demanded that the Indian Removal Act be enforced
• the Supreme Court refused to hear their cases
• the Seminole tribe, their traditional enemy, conquered their territory

Brook Farm in Massachusetts, the Oneida Community in upstate New York, and New Harmony in Indiana were similar in that they

• were religious communities inspired by the Second Great Awakening
• demonstrated the attraction of communism to many Americans
• failed because they practiced political and social equality within their own communities
• were utopian communities designed to ameliorate the effects of growing commercial society