Invention & Mechanization

How did the invention and spread of the telegraph affect American society in the 1800s?

• It enabled businesses to increase their markets by improving long-distance communication.
• It led to the development of suburbs by making jobs outside of the city more plentiful.
• It increased access to popular culture by allowing musicians to record and distribute their music.
• It gave ordinary people access to technology that did not require special training to operate.

The invention of the steam locomotive contributed most to the

• spread of railroads
• speed of river travel
• production of cotton
• construction of canals

Corporations raise capital by

• 
  acquiring natural resources
• developing bureaucracies
• hiring blue-collar and white-collar workers
• selling bonds and shares of stock

How did the invention and spread of the telegraph affect American society in the 1800s?

• It enabled businesses to increase their markets by improving long-distance communication.
• It led to the development of suburbs by making jobs outside of the city more plentiful.
• It increased access to popular culture by allowing musicians to record and distribute their music.
• It gave ordinary people access to technology that did not require special training to operate.

The spread of railroads during the 1800s aided the U.S. economy by

• reducing the time workers spent commuting to and from work
• providing a large number of well-paying jobs to recent immigrants
• bringing consumers closer to the agricultural regions where their food was grown
• 
  making it easier to move natural resources and finished goods around the country

Which statement contrasts the work of a farmer in the 1820s with the work of a farmer in the 1840s?

• The earlier farmer harvested crops by hand, while the later farmer harvested crops using mechanical reapers and steel plows.
• The earlier farmer relied on animals to power machinery, while the later farmer relied on steam-powered machines.
• The earlier farmer sold crops in local markets only, while the later farmer shipped crops across the country in refrigerated cars.
• The earlier farmer relied on the telegraph to learn about approaching storms, while the later farmer used the telephone.

The work of George Westinghouse and Nikolai Tesla helped to

• 
  spread the use of electricity
• replace steam power with oil power
• expand the national railroad network
• convince individuals to invest in the stock market

Which energy source was most important during the earliest stages of industrialization?

• 
  electricity
• natural gas
• petroleum
• steam

Which statement best explains why industrialization improved the standard of living for many Americans?

• 
  It created a large number of high-paying factory jobs for workers.
• It improved productivity and made goods less expensive for consumers.
• It led to less pollution.
• It decreased working hours and increased leisure time for most Americans.

Which action was one of the U.S. government’s earliest responses to the environmental damage caused by industrialization?

• 
  passage of air and water pollution regulations
• an effort to convert from coal power to electricity
• a push to move factories from cities into suburban areas
• establishment of a system of national parks and forests