AP Biology Review: Heredity

Imagine you are performing a cross involving seed color in garden pea plants. What F₁ offspring would you expect if you cross true-breeding parents with green seeds and yellow seeds? Yellow seed color is dominant over green.

• 100 percent yellow-green seeds
• 100 percent yellow seeds
• 50 percent yellow, 50 percent green seeds
• 25 percent green, 75 percent yellow seeds

If black and white true-breeding mice are mated and the result is all gray offspring, what inheritance pattern would this be indicative of?

• dominance
• codominance
• multiple alleles
• incomplete dominance

A recessive trait will be observed in individuals that are ________ for that trait.

• heterozygous
• homozygous or heterozygous
• homozygous
• diploid

Meiosis results in ______.

• 4 genetically distinct haploid gametes
• 2 genetically distinct cells
• 2 genetically identical cells
• 4 genetically identical cells

The chromosomes that pair up during meiosis, are called __________ chromosomes.  

• homozygous 
• asexual
• homologous
• genes

When an area of a chromatid is exchanged with the matching area on a chromatid of its homologous chromosome, _________________ occurs

• crossing over
• mutagenesis
• hybridization
• fertilization

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The observable outward manifestation of the genes of an individual is referred to as its

• blueprint
• genotype
• phenotype
• genetic map

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Unlike Mendel's experiments, when a very tall person and a very short person mate, the children are variable in height. Why is one trait (tall or short) not dominant over the other?

• the gene for height in humans has incomplete dominance
• the gene for height has multiple co-dominant alleles
• height in not controlled by genes in humans
• human height is controlled by multiple genes

One of the main reasons genes assort independent of one another  is that 

• they produce unrelated traits
• they produce related traits
• they are on the same chromosome
• they are on different chromosomes.

In humans, if a non-disjunction event leads to an individual that is XXY, they would

• be female because they have 2 X chromosomes
• be male because they have a Y chromosome
• not survive
• have both male and female characteristics