Protein Synthesis

A piece of mRNA has the code AUG UCU GAA UGG. Look at the table. Which amino acids are coded in this strand?

• met, pro, leu, thr
• ile, cys, asn, lys
• met, ser, gln, trp
• ile, glu, ile, tyr

 During the process of translation, each tRNA carries one ___________.

• amino acid
• nucleic acid
• nucleotide
• codon

A segment of DNA that codes for the ability to make one type of protein molecule is known as a(n)____________________

• intron
• axon
• gene
• codon

Why is a particular sequence of bases in a segment of DNA important to cells?

• Some base sequences code for protein production.
• Some base sequences produce electrical signals sent to the cytoplasm.
• Some base sequences contain the order of sugars in polysaccharides.
• Some base sequences cause the release of lipids from the nucleus.

The diagram shows the process of transcription, which takes place in the nucleus of a cell. What is occurring?

• tRNA is attaching amino acids to build a protein.
• DNA is being used as a template to make a chromosome.
• DNA is being used as a template to make a molecule of mRNA.
• RNA is being used as a template to make a molecule of tRNA.

Which statement below BEST summarizes the role of the DNA molecule in cells?

• regulates the chemical processes that provide the cell with energy
• protects cells from infection
• guides cell division
• provides the instructions for making proteins

Molecule 1 has the nitrogenous base sequence TCA AGT. Which set of bases in Molecule 2 can bond to that sequence in a complementary way?

• AGT ACA
• UCA AGU
• AGU UCA
• UCA ATA

The cellular process of creating two new DNA molecules from one original copy is called replication. Which statement is the BEST description of this process?

• RNA opens up the DNA and uses each strand as a template for a new strand.
• DNA opens up and completely unwinds to make two new molecules.
• DNA opens up and RNA copies it.
• DNA opens up and each strand is used as a template for a new strand.

Which type of RNA transcribes DNA in the nucleus before taking the code to the ribosome?

• RNA
• mRNA
• tRNA
• rRNA

Why is RNA used for protein synthesis?

• Because it is single stranded.
• Because there are three different types.
• Because it is small enough to move in and out of the nucleus.
• Because it contains uracil.