6.23

Despite his status as a military hero, General Ulysses S. Grant proved to be a weak political leader because he

• was personally dishonest and corrupt.
• had no political experience and was a poor judge of character.
• was unable to get others to follow his lead.
• did not believe in the principles of the Republican party.

In the aftermath of the Civil War

• waste, speculation, and corruption afflicted both business and government.
• the population of the United States declined.
• Americans retained a strong sense of idealistic sacrifice.
• the North developed a strong sense of moral superiority.

In the late nineteenth century, those political candidates who campaigned by "waving the bloody shirt" were reminding voters

• that radical Republicans catered to freed slaves during Reconstruction.
• of Ku Klux Klan violence against blacks.
• that Republicans had reformed the corrupt radical regimes in the Reconstruction South.
• of the gory memories of the Civil War and the Republican party's role in the Union's victory.

Which one of the following is least related to the other four?

• "Ohio Idea"
• Jay Gould
• "Black Friday"
• Jim Fisk

New York's notoriously corrupt Boss Tweed was finally jailed under the pressure of

• federal income tax evasion charges.
• New York City's ethics laws.
• New York Times expos�s and the cartoons of Thomas Nast.
• testimony by Tweed's partners in crime.

The Cr�dit Mobilier scandal involved

• railroad construction kickbacks.
• public utility company bribes.
• evasion of excise taxes on distilled liquor.
• manipulating the Wall Street stock market.

In an attempt to avoid prosecution for their corrupt dealings, the owners of the Cr�dit Mobilizer

• tried to gain immunity by testifying before Congress.
• belatedly started to follow honest business practices.
• bribed key congressmen by giving them shares of the company's valuable stock.
• left the country.

The Liberal Republican revolt from the regular Republican party in 1872 was motivated primarily by

• a fervent passion for reforms on behalf of women and blacks.
• disgust at the corruption and scandals of the Grant administration.
• a desire to strengthen the federal government's regulation of big business.
• nostalgia for leadership like that of the martyred Abraham Lincoln.

President Ulysses S. Grant was reelected in 1872 because

• he promised reforms in the political system.
• of the massive support of black voters in the Reconstruction South.
• the Democrats and Liberal Republicans chose the eccentric editor Horace Greeley as their candidate.
• he was the only candidate who enjoyed support in both the North and South.

A major cause of the panic that broke in 1873 was

• a credit crunch caused by extremely high interest rates.
• the issuance of millions of dollars in greenbacks.
• the expansion of more factories, railroads, and mines than existing markets would bear.
• excessive speculation in mining stocks.