AP Biology Evolution quiz

Two populations of a species of squirrel are isolated from each other. One population is larger in number than the other. A new disease, which is easily spread and extremely contagious, affects both populations at the same time. Which of the following is the best prediction of how the new disease will affect the two populations?

• The two populations will be equally affected as they are the same species
• The larger population will be more affected as they have greater genetic variation
• The smaller population will be more affected as they have less genetic variation
• The smaller population will not be affected

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Sickle-cell anemia is associated with a mutation in the red blood cells that changes the shape. Scientists think this is an evolutionary response to exposure to malaria. People who are heterozygous for this allele are less likely to get malaria if they are bitten by a mosquito carrying the disease. This change in variation is called a.. 

• Mutation
• Response
• Migration
• Phenotype

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Hemophilia is a sex-linked disease involving the blood clotting mechanisms. It is carried on the X chromosome. Recessive traits are more common in small populations because

• Migration out of the small population is more likely to happen
• Alleles can randomly mutate in smaller populations
• A larger population are less likely to have a large genetic variation
• A smaller population are less likely to have a large genetic variation

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The evolution of one species into two or more species as a result of different populations becoming​ reproductively isolated from each other is:

• Reproductive selection
• Adaptive radiation
• Artificial selection
• Independent assortment

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A cladogram shows a model of how 4 mammals are related. Starting on the left, horses diverged first, then Gorillas, than Humans diverged from chimpanzees. What evidence would best support this claim of speciation?

• Physical traits and genetic similarities
• Presence of lungs and four limbs
• Mammals all have fur
• Environmental niche similarities

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Which of the following is an example of homologous structures?

• Whale hip bones
• Rabbits and birds have the same bones in the same order in their forelimbs, even though they use them for different purposes
• Mice and chicken differ by only 25 amino acids when they make hemoglobin protein.
• Embryos of fish and birds both make gill slits

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Scientists conducted a test of two alleles for fur color  in a population of small mammals over a period​of twenty years, Their results showed that the original population expressed one allele for fur color and the population twenty years later showed expression of the other allele. This changed the phenotype from brown to gray. Which of the following statements best describes this shift in the population?

• It is an example of artificial selection
• Environmental changes have seen one organism been eliminated
• One phenotype replaces another
• This is an example of predator prey relationships

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Which of the following is a basic requirement for natural selection to be an effective evolutionary force? 

• Individuals reproduce at a rapid rate
• Each population must be limited to a large size
• A population must exhibit no genetic variability
• None of the above

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The sickle cell trait 

• is common in people whose ancestors came from areas where malaria was a significant health problem because of a serious bottleneck effect
• is an example of hybrid vigor
• can result in an increase in the fitness of people who are heterozygous for the trait
•  results in resistance to malaria among people homozygous for the trait

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Antibiotic resistant strains of bacteria are on the increase, according to data from the CDC. Which of the following best provides a description for antibiotic resistance?

• Sexual reproduction
• Changes in the whole DNA
• Natural selection
• Drug failure

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