4th and 5th Grade VA Science SOL Review

What is the term for a push or pull that can change the motion of an object?

• Velocity

• Acceleration

• Force

• Momentum

Answer explanation

The term 'force' refers to a push or pull that can change the motion of an object. It is the fundamental concept in physics that describes how objects interact and move.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS2-2

NGSS.MS-PS2-5

What is the measurement of how much matter is in an object?

• Volume

• Mass

• Density

• Weight

Answer explanation

The measurement of how much matter is in an object is called mass. Unlike volume, which measures space, mass quantifies the amount of matter, making it the correct choice in this context.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS1-5

What is the energy of motion called?

• Kinetic energy

• Potential energy

• Thermal energy

• Chemical energy

Answer explanation

The energy of motion is called kinetic energy. It is the energy that an object possesses due to its movement, distinguishing it from potential energy, which is stored energy based on an object's position.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-5

What is the energy stored in an object due to its position or condition?

• Kinetic energy

• Potential energy

• Electrical energy

• Light energy

Answer explanation

The energy stored in an object due to its position or condition is called potential energy. It contrasts with kinetic energy, which is the energy of motion.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

What simple machine is a rigid bar that pivots on a fixed point?

• Inclined plane

• Wedge

• Pulley

• Lever

Answer explanation

A lever is a simple machine consisting of a rigid bar that pivots around a fixed point called the fulcrum. It is used to amplify force, making it easier to lift or move heavy objects.

What is the property of matter that describes how easily it can be scratched?

• Density

• Volume

• Hardness

• Conductivity

Answer explanation

The property of matter that describes how easily it can be scratched is called hardness. Hardness measures a material's resistance to deformation or scratching, making it the correct choice over density, volume, or conductivity.

What is the process of a solid changing directly into a gas?

• Melting

• Condensation

• Evaporation

• Sublimation

Answer explanation

The process of a solid changing directly into a gas is called sublimation. This occurs without passing through the liquid phase, as seen in substances like dry ice, which sublimates into carbon dioxide gas.

What is the formula for calculating speed?

• Speed = Force / Time

• Speed = Mass / Volume

• Speed = Distance / Time

• Speed = Acceleration / Time

Answer explanation

The correct formula for calculating speed is Speed = Distance / Time. This means speed is determined by how far an object travels divided by the time it takes to travel that distance.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

What is the force that opposes motion between two surfaces that are in contact?

• Gravity

• Magnetism

• Friction

• Tension

Answer explanation

Friction is the force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact. It acts to resist the sliding of one surface over another, making it the correct answer to the question.

What is the ability to do work?

• Power

• Force

• Momentum

• Energy

Answer explanation

The ability to do work is defined as energy. Energy is what enables work to be performed, while power refers to the rate of doing work, and force and momentum are related but do not directly define the ability to do work.

Tags

NGSS.MS-PS3-1

NGSS.MS-PS3-2

NGSS.MS-PS3-4

NGSS.MS-PS3-5