Chapter 28

Revolutionaries of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century

• were able to destroy all vestiges of the ancien régime.

• were mainly influenced by Marxist ideology.

• focused on the necessity of popular sovereignty.

• accepted the legitimacy of the divine right of kings.

The revolutions of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century helped to spread Enlightenment ideals and

• encouraged the consolidation of national states.

• strengthened European control over South America.

• repudiated socialist and communist philosophies.

• gave complete freedom and equality to women.

Which of the following was NOT one of John Locke’s main ideas?

• that subjects had the right to remove their ruler

• that although kings did have divine sanction, their subjects maintained personal rights

• that rulers derived their authority from the consent of those they governed

• that individuals retained personal rights to life, liberty, and property

Which of the following was NOT one of the basic ideals of the Enlightenment thinkers?

• popular sovereignty

• individual freedom

• political equality

• equality for women

After the end of the Seven Years’ War,

• the colonists grew increasingly frustrated with British control and taxes.

• the French proved to be much better for the colonies after the British left.

• the British were forced to hand all of North America over to the French.

• the British lost complete control of their North American colonies.

The Declaration of Independence’s contractual view of political structure in which the government drew its authority from “the consent of the governed” was influenced by

• Edmund Burke.

• John Locke.

• John Stuart Mill.

• Voltaire.

Which of the following was NOT one of the principles built into the government of the newly formed American state?

• the equality of all inhabitants

• freedom from British control

• a written constitution that guaranteed personal freedoms

• a responsible government based on popular sovereignty

The leaders of the French Revolution

• were much more conservative than the leaders of the American revolution.

• accepted the fact that France would always have to have a king.

• called for a complete reorganizing of French political, social, and cultural structures.

• created concepts and documents that would later influence the American revolution.

The ancien régime was the

• estate that comprised the clergy in pre-revolutionary France.

• term for the first democracies in Greece and Rome.

• traditional, European-born ruling class in South America.

• old order in France that revolutionary leaders wanted to replace.

On June 17th, 1789, members of the third estate seceded from the Estates General and declared themselves to be the

• House of Commons.

• House of Representatives.

• National Assembly.

• Directory.