DW Civil War

Historians use the term “Reconstruction” to refer to the era when—

• settlements in West Texas had to be rebuilt after a series of Comanche raids

• Texas and other Confederate states seceded from the Union

• Jim Crow” laws were passed in Texas to maintain racial segregation

• the economy, society, and politics of Southern states were restructured after the Civil War

1861 was important to Texas history because in that year—

• the American Civil War began

• Mexico achieved its independence from Spain

• Texas declared its independence from Mexico

• Texas was annexed by the United States

Which statement best explains why Texas seceded from the Union in 1861?

• Texas was an agricultural state with large, slave holding plantations, whose owners who controlled politics and voted to join the Confederacy.

• Texans, like most Southerners, believed they should support the abolition of slavery and seceded to keep that right.

• Texans opposed tariffs on imported slaves and therefore supported secession.

• Governor Sam Houston encouraged Texans to vote for secession to protect slavery in the state.

Which of the following best explains how the issue of sectionalism affected Texans in 1861?

• Governor Sam Houston favored secession and most Texans were willing to follow his leadership.

• The location of Texas led its citizens to support the Western section of the United States, which favored the North.

• Most Texans had migrated from Southern states and wanted to join the Confederacy.

• As the citizens of a new state, most Texans wanted to ensure the survival of the Union.

What was an important long-term political impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Texas?

• After 1876, new segregation laws limited the political rights that had first been gained by freedmen.

• Former Confederate officers and soldiers permanently lost the right to vote or hold political office.

• Freedman continued to enjoy equal political and civil rights even after Reconstruction ended.

• The Ku Klux Klan was formed as an organization to defend the rights of Texans of all racial and ethnic backgrounds

Which statement describes an impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on the economy of Texas?

• Texas landowners struggled to restore slavery to its pre-Civil War importance.

• Carpetbaggers and former Confederate officers cooperated in rebuilding the economy.

• Freedmen were given their own land and livestock to compensate for years of servitude.

• Ranching, sharecropping, tenant farming and railroad construction came to dominate the state’s economy.

The three battles shown on the map were fought during the—

• War for Mexican Independence

• Civil War

• U.S.-Mexican War

• Texas Revolution

The absence of most of the able-bodied men in the army threw the whole burden of providing the necessities of life upon the women, who, with the assistance of the slaves, produced both food and clothing from the raw material to the finished products…Thus while the men were struggling…in camp and in battle, the work of the women was no less heroic and patriotic in their homes.

—Louis J. Wortham, A History of Texas: From Wilderness to Commonwealth (Fort Worth, 1924).

Based on this excerpt, which statement summarizes an effect of the Civil War on Texas?

• Women gained new voting rights in recognition of their heroic and patriotic efforts at home.

• The role of women in the economy changed as they began overseeing the production of food and clothing for use at home and by the army.

• Women gained their economic freedom by selling clothing and other necessities to the Confederate army.

• Women left their homes to join the Confederate army as part of their patriotic duty.

John Bell Hood (1831–1879) graduated from West Point in 1853 and fought against the Comanches in Texas in 1857. During the Civil War, Hood—

• fought for the Union Army at Bull Run, Antietam and Gettysburg

• served as Vice President of the Confederacy

• commanded a Texas brigade and later the Army of Tennessee, fighting for the Confederacy at Bull Run, Antietam, Fredericksburg, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, and Nashville

• helped former slaves in Texas move to new states in the North

Which Confederate General from Texas lost his right leg and the use of his left arm during the Civil War?

• John Bell Hood

• Francis Lubbock

• Thomas Green

• John Reagan