Gysber's Quiz

What is the main thesis of the article?

• By ignoring the past we are doomed to repeat it.

• Much can be learned from the past that will help school counselors deal with the complex challenges of today and tomorrow.

• The past is very similar to the challenges we are facing today.

• School counseling needs a new vision for the 21st century.

In the early 1900s, what was the term used to describe school counseling and guidance?

• Guidance Counseling

• Pupil personnel services

• Vocational Guidance

• Student Support Services

During the progressive movement, two distinct philosophies on vocational guidance emerged and consisted of:

• Pragmatic vs. Comprehensive

• Democratic vs. Republican

• Developmental vs. Systemic

• Social Efficiency vs. Democratic

Despite the shift away from vocational guidance towards educational and mental health issues in the 1920s and 1930s, what evidence showed the strengthening of vocational guidance in the late 1930s and 1940s?

• Increased hiring of vocational counselors

• Carl Rogers published ‘Counseling & Psychotherapy’

• A national study championed vocational guidance

• The passage of the Development of Vocational Education Act (1936) and the Vocational Education Act (1946)

In terms of policy, who became the priority during the 1950s?

• College-bound students

• The poor and disaffected

• The working class

• Special Education Students

The National Defense of Education Act of 1958 made funds available to prepare large numbers of individuals to become school Counselors.

• True

• False

What was the common organizational structure for school counseling during the 1960s & 1970s?

• School counseling as an independent program

• School counseling as a position housed within Pupil Personnel Services

• School counseling as an independent position free from oversight

• School counseling as a comprehensive program linked to the core functioning of schools

During the 1970s, concerns over the role of the school counselor ushered in the development of the comprehensive program approach to school counseling work.

• True

• False

What does Gysbers outline as the first ‘need’ to strengthen the work of school counseling in the future?

• A clear Purpose/Mission

• A return to the foundation established by vocational guidance

• To avoid Haley’s five Be’s of dynamic failure

• To serve all students

What is Gysbers’ main vision for school counseling in the 21st century?

• To engage the profession around common goals

• To see fully implemented comprehensive guidance and counseling programs in every school district in the U.S.

• To move back to the position orientation of school counseling work offered in the 1950s & 1960s

• To close the achievement gap for underrepresented students