Transcription & Translation- AP Biology

Which of the following provides some evidence that RNA probably evolved before DNA?

• RNA polymerase uses DNA as a template.

• RNA polymerase makes a single-stranded molecule.

• RNA polymerase does not require localized unwinding of the DNA.

• DNA polymerase requires a primer composed of RNA.

• RNA is more stable than DNA.

 A frameshift mutation could result from 

• a base insertion only.
• a base deletion only. 
• a base substitution only. 
• either an insertion or a deletion of a base.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS3-2

What is the flow of genetic information in cells according to the Central Dogma?

• RNA to DNA to protein

• DNA to RNA to protein

• protein to DNA to RNA

• RNA to protein to DNA

Which of the following are distal control regions that activators bind to are bent to contact mediator proteins and form the transcription initiation complex?

• enhancers

• promoters

• repressors

• transcription factors

What does this picture illustrate?

• Elongation of Transcription

• Termination of Transcription

• Termination of Translation

• Elongation of Translation

tRNA is involved in

• carrying amino acids 
• carrying ribosomes
• carrying glucose
• carrying lipids

What makes up a spliceosome and what does a spliceosome do?

• proteins & snRNPs, cuts out DNA pieces
• proteins & snRNPs, cuts out exons & reconnects introns
• proteins & snRNPs, cuts out introns & reconnects exons
• many nucleosomes, cuts the cheese

How is it possible that a person's muscle cells have the same genome as the functionally and structurally distinct nerve or liver cells?

• The two different cells become mutated

• Each cell type produces different proteins based on cell function.

• They actually have different DNA in the two types of cells.

• The genes of the different cells change as the organism ages.

• Differential gene expression.

A mutation that does NOT alter protein production or folding is called a

• deletion mutation

• inversion mutation

• silent mutation

• transverse mutation

Why are insertion and deletion (frameshift) mutations so harmful?

• They change all of the codons downstream from the mutation, which impacts the amino acid sequence.

• They insert things that an organism doesn't need.

• They often delete entire polypeptides that organisms need.

• Insertion and deletions are not any more harmful than substitution mutations.