Ch. 23: Independence and Development in the Global South,

How was the dissolution of European empires different from the dissolution of previous empires in world history?

• It took place only in Africa.

• It generated a mass of new nation-states.

• It happened suddenly.

• It happened peacefully.

What was the "fatal flaw" of European colonialism?

• Its double standard of freedom and sovereignty for itself but not its colonies

• Its inability to extract resources from its colonies

• Its squeamishness at using force to rule its colonies

• Its promotion of nationalist ideology

Which of the following social groups in the colonies did NOT stand to benefit from national independence for African and Asian colonies?

• Western-educated African and Asian elites

• small-scale traders

• urban workers

• white landowners

Which of the following best characterizes the initial aims of the Indian National Congress (INC)?

• A violent revolution against the British rule

• Promoting loyal obedience to the British rule

• Gaining position of influence in British India to protect Indian interests

• Writing a constitution for a newly independent India

Which of the following best characterizes Gandhi's philosophy of satyagraha ("truth force")?

• Building a base of support in the countryside among peasants from which to launch guerilla attacks on the British

• Confronting the British Empire nonviolently, choosing to suffer the consequences without surrendering one's ideals

• Throwing off British rule by any means necessary, and then conquering new lands as the British had done for a new Indian Empire

• Making India totally and permanently Hindu

What was Gandhi's attitude toward the prospect of a modern, industrial future for India?

• He was opposed to it.

• He actively supported it.

• He was not concerned with the future of India, only the present.

• He initially was opposed, but when he saw the beautiful factories in England, he changed his mind.

What was the most serious split that formed within the Indian independence movement?

• Between upper castes and lower castes

• Between Sikhs and Hindus

• Between followers of Gandhi and followers of Nehru

• Between Muslims and Hindus

What best describes the experience of India's partition into Muslim Pakistan and Hindu India after independence in 1947?

• It was a mostly peaceful transition.

• It caused massive displacement of people, but no real violence.

• It happened in a carefully controlled way over a long period of time.

• It was horrendously violent and traumatic.

Why did white rule last almost 50 years longer in South Africa than it did in India (1994 versus 1947)?

• Blacks in South Africa were much better treated than Indians in British India.

• Blacks chose the path of violence, which was futile, as opposed to nonviolence, which the Indians used to great effect.

• A sizeable and powerful community of permanent white settlers in South Africa, but not in India, controlled the country.

• Gandhi never spent time in South Africa

What kind of external pressure was put on South Africa's white leadership to end Apartheid and allow blacks to vote and have equal rights?

• NATO threatened to invade South Africa.

• Other independent African countries threatened to invade South Africa.

• The U.S. government loudly denounced the immorality of Apartheid and broke off diplomatic relations with the racist government.

• Sporting events, entertainers, and many large businesses boycotted South Africa, isolating it culturally and economically from much of the world.