STAAR Review Day 5 DNA Structure and Molecular Genetics

The process represented in the diagram produces a molecule that is complementary to the template strand of DNA. What type of molecule is produced?

• New DNA

• Polypeptide

• Messenger RNA

• Carbohydrate

What is the purpose of this cellular process?

• Preserving genetic information for future generations

• Deleting the information in the sequence produced from the DNA template

• Transcribing information in the DNA sequence for use by the cell

• Producing more nucleotides for the DNA sequence

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Sickle-shaped red blood cells result from a mutation in the gene that codes for hemoglobin. This mutation results in sickle-cell anemia. A partial sequence of bases from a normal hemoglobin gene and a sequence that results in sickle-cell anemia are shown below.

What type of mutation is depicted in this sequence?

• Substitution

• Insertion

• Deletion

• Frameshift

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A segment of DNA is represented in the illustration. How is information for a specific protein carried on the DNA molecule?

• As a sequence of nucleotides

• In the double-helix shape of the condensed chromosome

• In the ratio of adenines to thymines

• As a pattern of phosphates and sugars

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A segment of DNA produces methionine, threonine, histidine, aspartate, and glycine when translated. A substitution mutation occurs and causes the synthesis of the segment as shown. Which is the new peptide chain when the new DNA segment is translated?

• Methionine, leucine, histidine, aspartate, glycine

• Methionine, phenylalanine, histidine, aspartate, glycine

• Methionine, proline, histidine, aspartate, glycine

• Methionine, serine, histidine, aspartate, glycine

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Four different types of cells are shown to the right. Which characteristic is shared by all four cells?

• A mechanism for transforming sunlight into energy

• Self-locomotion

• Membrane-bound organelles that transport substances

• Genetic material composed of DNA

Which of these models of a DNA strand shows bases that are complementary to the ones on the student’s DNA model?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Information in DNA is carried in sequences of genetic code. How are these genetic codes translated into specific proteins that carry out functions within the organism?

• Triplets, a group of three nucleotides, create a code for a specific amino acid. These amino acids are combined into chains to form proteins.

• Nitrogen bases in the DNA strand recombine into amino acids chains.

• Mutations within a set of nucleotides create variations in genetic coding. These variations are vital to consistent protein synthesis.

• All of the above

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In the genetic structure below, which component changes when coding for different triplets and amino acids?

• sugar

• phosphate group

• nitrogen base

• all three above will change in creating different triplets

The chart below illustrates the amino acids that a specific triplet creates. Which of the following mutations would result in a different protein being synthesized?

• AUA is mutated into AUU

• AGA is mutated into AGG

• AUU is mutated into ACU

• ACC is mutated into ACA

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