All of Chapter 19

Germanic people who settled the area known today as France

• Franks

• Anglo-Saxons

• Romans

• Norsemen

• Magyars

Frankish king who created an empire in France, Northern Spain, and most of Italy

• Otto I

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

Agreement between the pope and the ruler of a country

• Concordat

• Treaty

• Armistice

• Transaction

Pope who declared that only the pope had the power to appoint high-ranking church officials

• Francis

• John Paul II

• Benedict XII

• Gregory VII

to exclude a person from church membership

• Forced removal

• Excommunicate

• Expulsion

• Ejection

capital of Charlemagne's empire

• Aachen

• Paris

• Rome

• Berlin

German king the pope declared emperor of the Holy Roman Empire

• Otto I

• Clovis

• Charles Martel

• Charlemagne

Under which system did landowning nobles govern and protect the people in return for services?

• Feudalism

• Mercantilism

• Protectionism

• Vassalism

A low-ranking noble under the protection of a feudal lord

• Peasant

• Serf

• Clergy

• Vassal

A feudal estate belonging to a vassal

• Fief

• Acreage

• Manor