Cognition

When instances come readily to mind, we often presume such events are common. What of the following is the term for this phenomenon?

• Intuition insight

• Confirmation bias

• Belief perserverance

• Availability heurisitic

Judging the likelihood of things in terms of how well they match our prototype.

• availability heuristics

• representative heuristics

• base rate heuristics

• functional fixedness

The way an issue is presented may alter perception.

• belief bias

• framing

• mood congruent memory

• mental set

Marilyn was asked to solve a series of five math problems. The first four problems could only be solved by a particular sequence of operations. The fifth problem could also be solved following this sequence; however, a much simpler solution was possible. Marilyn did not realize this simpler solution and solved the problem in the way she had solved the first four. Her problem-solving strategy was hampered by

• Functional fixedness

• The overconfidence phenomenon

• A mental set

• Her lack of a prototype for the solution

The inability to see new uses for familiar objects is termed

• non-flexible thinking.
• functional fixedness.
• proactive inhibition.
• interference.

Which of the following is usually associated with creativity?

• convergent thinking 
• divergent thinking 
• intelligence 
• modelling 

The term "cognition" includes

• thinking, problem solving, reasoning, and dreaming.
• classical and instrumental conditioning.
• the use of memory systems.
• an active process by which sensory input is selected, organized, and integrated.

A problem-solving rule or procedure that, when followed step by step, assures that a correct solution will be found is known as:

• mental set
• trial and error
• algorithm
• insight

When Janet sees a coffee mug, a tall juice glass, and a short whiskey glass, she probably categorizes all these objects together as the ___ of "cup".

• Concept
• Phoneme
• Syllogism
• Mental set

Confirmation bias is...

• A widely held generalization about a group of people
• Processing information in a way that relates that information to existing schema
• A cognitive bias that involves focusing on information that is consistent with our beliefs
• A cognitive framework; a cluster of related ideas, information or memory