A homeowner trained the branches of an upright ornamental shrub to grow flat against a brick wall while supported on a lattice. This special plant art form is known in horticultural terms as:

• wall art

• topiary

• lattice lining

• espalier

Which of these would be involved in research and control of pathogenic organisms in plants? A plant:

• ornithologist

• pathologist

• ichthyologist

• primatologist

It is recommended to remove no more than _____ of the turfgrass leaf blade height at each mowing.

• 1 inch

• 1/8

• 1/3

• 4 inches

Lady bug beetles are important beneficial insects in the landscape. They are especially known and valued for feeding on:

• aphids

• nematodes

• lacewings

• spiders

The leaves on junipers are best described as:

• compound

• fascicles

• lenticels

• scales or awls

The new growth on pine trees is known in horticultural terms as:

• bud extensions

• candles

• adventitious twigs

• lateral scales

A type of landscaping that utilizes plants, materials, and techniques to conserve water and moisture in the landscape while reducing or eliminating the need for supplemental water from irrigation is:

• pondscaping

• xeriscaping

• irriscaping

• waterscaping

A 50 pound bag of 10-12-15 fertilizer contains ______ pounds of nitrogen.

• 2.5

• 5

• 10

• 12

Dead heading is a process for landscapers and homeowners. The major objective of dead heading is to:

• collect seeds for additional crops

• reduce maintenance costs

• control insects

• encourage additional blooms to develop

Items in the landscape such as walls, water features, paving and fencing, are referred to as:

• landscape media

• elevation materials

• utility network

• hardscape