APES Chapter 20 QUIZ

How might the inclusion of an externality affect the supply and demand of a product?

• It will increase price and decrease quantity demanded

• it will increase price and increase quantity demanded

• it will decrease price and increase quantity

• it will decrease price and decrease quantity demanded

• Price will remain the same and quantity demanded will decrease

What is NOT included in the calculation of gross domestic product?

• costs of health care

• government spending

• spending on durable goods

• earnings from investments

• the costs of externalities

The use of cell phones in the developing world is an example of

• the Kuznets curve

• a positive externality

• natural capital

• leapfrogging

• a negative externality

Human capital includes

• the goods that humans produce

• services that humans provide

• human knowledge and skills

• assets directly related to human survival

• services and processes that use manual labor

Which is NOT a goal of a sustainable economic system?

• Give priority to ecosystem health

• use nonrenewable resources

• place value on ecosystems

• rely on ecosystem services rather than resource extraction

• make manufacturers responsible for the disposal of products

Which worldview considers ecosystems to have intrinsic value?

I. Anthropocentric

II. Biocentric

III. Ecocentric

• I only

• I and III only

• II only

• II and III only

• III only

Enacting legislation that restricts a chemical suspected of being harmful while there is still scientific uncertainty about that chemical is an example of

• an anthropocentric worldview

• a biocentric worldview

• the precautionary principle

• technology leapfrogging

• an incentive-based approach

In what way does the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) contribute to environmental protection?

• it develops regulations to limit emissions

• it limits human exposure to chemicals and pollutants

• it improves the quality of water

• it provides funds to clean contaminated sites

• it protects rare habitats from industrial development

The triple bottom line

• is an approach to sustainability that considers economic, environmental and social factors

• is a method for encouraging sustainability that includes incentives, regulations, and penalties

• consists of three measures of human status used in the Human Development Index

• is used by United Nations Development Programme to determine if a program is successful

• is an application of the precautionary principle to identify a chemical for further study

Which is an example of the command-and-control approach to encourage sustainability?

• a cap-and-trade system for carbon emissions

• a rebate for energy-efficient products

• funding for solar energy projects

• regulations that limit sulfur emissions and include a provision for fines

• voluntary standards such as fair trade