Human Body Review

Which of the following describes high blood viscosity?

• There is a high concentration of blood cells and solutes
• The blood is more thick and the heart has to pump harder
• Blood pressure goes up
• All are correct

When an individual has high cholesterol, certain substances, such as calcium and fats, form plaque in arteries. How is this plaque, known as arterial plaque, most likely to affect blood flow?

• Arterial plaque clogs the arteries, limiting or stopping blood flow.
• Arterial plaque changes the direction of blood flow, which forces oxygenated blood to the heart.
• Arterial plaque changes the size of blood cells, which prevents blood from flowing in the arteries.
• Arterial plaque clears the arteries, increasing blood flow.

What is the most likely affect a blood clot will have on blood flow through the cardiovascular system?

• A blood clot will increase blood flow in other areas, allowing more oxygen to reach tissue in those areas.
• A blood clot will change the direction of blood flow, allowing oxygen to reach tissue in a new area.
• A blood clot will not change blood flow, allowing the same amount of oxygen to reach tissue in a certain area.
• A blood clot will block blood flow, preventing oxygen from reaching tissue in a certain area.

Elasticity in blood vessels allows the vessels to stretch and move based on changes in blood volume. A number of factors, including genetic disease, can cause the arteries to harden and lose their elasticity. How would the hardening of the arteries most likely affect blood flow?

• The hardening of the arteries would likely cause blood flow to remain constant.
• The hardening of the arteries would likely increase blood flow.
• The hardening of the arteries would likely cause blood flow to stop completely.
• The hardening of the arteries would likely restrict blood flow.

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Which of the following statements best describes blood flow in the human body?

• As the thickness of the blood decreases, the rate of blood flow increases.
• As the diameter of a blood vessel decreases, the rate of blood flow increases.
• As the length of a vein decreases, the resistance to blood flow decreases
• As blood pressure increases, the rate of blood flow decreases.

Which of the following factors decreases blood flow?

• an increase in blood pressure
• an increase in overall blood volume
• a decrease in the radius of a blood vessel
• a decrease in blood viscosity

Arteriosclerosis is a disease which clogs arteries in the human body. In arteriosclerosis, artery walls become thick. Fatty deposits build up on inner walls of arteries. This condition reduces the ability of arteries to perform their function. The diagram above shows a comparison between a healthy artery and one with arteriosclerosis. Which body function is most affected by arteriosclerosis? 

• circulating blood to tissues
• assembling amino acids into proteins
• replacing damaged cells with new cells
• breaking down food particles into molecules

Blood volume and blood pressure are related. What happens to blood pressure and heart rate when volume of fluid increases?

• increased fluid, decreased heart rate, and decreased pressure

• increased fluid, decreased heart rate, and increased pressure

• increased fluid, increased rate, and decreased pressure

• increased fluid, increased heart rate, and increased pressure

A doctor prescribes a blood thinner to a patient with high blood pressure. What impact will this medication have on blood flow and viscosity?

• A doctor prescribes a blood thinner to a patient with high blood pressure. What impact will this medication have on blood flow and viscosity?
• The blood flow will decrease and the viscosity will increase.
• The blood flow will increase and the viscosity will decrease
• The blood flow will increase and the viscosity will increase.

John has high blood pressure of 160/90. His doctor recommends some lifestyle changes. Which recommendation would not help John lower his blood pressure?

• John should restrict his alcohol intake.
• John should consume mostly salty foods.
• John should enter a smoking cessation program
• John should engage in moderate exercise 3-5 times per week.