STAAR EOC Biology Review

How do viruses reproduce?

• They copy their own genetic material inside a protein coat.
• They kill a cell and reproduce inside it.
• They invade a living cell and use the cell's functions to replicate their genetic material.
• They do not reproduce because they are not technically living things.

What is the capsid of a virus?

• the disease it causes
• the receptors to which it binds
• the genetic material
  
• its protein coat

Which cell part is present in eukaryotic cells, but not in prokaryotic cells?

• cell membrane
• cell wall
• cytoplasm
• nucleus

Which of the following is a possible result of a disruption in the cell cycle?

• cancer
• photosynthesis
• cellular respiration
• protein synthesis

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

Which organic macromolecules are composed of chains of amino acids that join to form the structural components of organisms?

• carbohydrates
• nucleic acids
• proteins
• lipids

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This cell is undergoing mitosis.  What stage of mitosis is shown?

• prophase
• metaphase
• anaphase
• telophase

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

The ability to taste a bitter chemical called PTC is a dominant trait in humans.  The Punnett square below shows a cross between two parents who are heterozygous for the ability to taste this chemical.  What is the probability, expressed as a percentage, that these parents will produce an offspring who is homozygous recessive for the tasting trait?

• 0%
• 25%
• 50%
• 75%

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NGSS.HS-LS3-3

Which of these substances stores and transmits the information that specifies the traits of an organism?

• DNA
• RNA
• enzymes
  
• carbohydrates

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NGSS.HS-LS3-2

NGSS.HS-LS3-1

A strand of DNA with the sequence A-C-T-T-G serves as a template to form a strand of mRNA with the sequence U-G-A-A-C.  During which process would this happen?

• replication
• transcription
• translation
• meiosis

The diagram summarizes two stages in the production of the specialized cells used for sexual reproduction.
What happens in the stage labeled "process 2"?

• The chromosomes cross over.
• Th chromosomes number is reduced by half.
• The chromosomes move to opposite end of the cell.
• Four identical gametes form.

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NGSS.HS-LS1-4

NGSS.HS-LS3-2