PAP Bio Week 2

In Madagascar scientists have discovered a moth, Xanthopan morganii praedicta, that has a 30.5 cm proboscis and feeds from and pollinates Darwin’s orchid, Angraecum sesquipedale. The orchid has a nectar-producing tube that is 27.9 cm long.

How is the moth’s proboscis size an adaptation for its environment?

• The moth can avoid larger animals.

• The moth can pollinate other flowers.

• The moth has little competition for food.

• The moth has time to feed during the day.

The opossum, which is native to North America, and the kangaroo, which is native to Australia, are marsupials.

The fact that both these mammals incubate their immature offspring in a pouch provides evidence that they —

• belong to the same species

• must range great distances to eat

• have very similar skeletal structures

• are descended from a common ancestor

Choose ALL of the kingdons below that contain unicellular organisms:

• Archaea

• Eubacteria

• Animalia

• Plantae

• Protista

Structures represented in the illustration above are found in the lower epidermis of a plant leaf. The illustration at right shows the response to a certain environmental condition. The response represented in the illustration would most likely be caused by —

• a reduced supply of oxygen

• long periods of rainfall

• high concentrations of glucose

• little available water

The diagram above shows the reproductive system of a plant. Which of the following best describes the interaction that occurs between a plant’s reproductive parts during self-fertilization?

• Pollen is released from the anther and is transferred to the stigma. A pollen tube forms and grows through the style. The pollen tube reaches the filament, where the sperm fertilizes the egg.

• Pollen moves from the ovule up through the style and is released from the stigma. The pollen is transferred to the anther, where the sperm fertilizes the egg.

• Pollen is released from the anther and is transferred to the stigma. A pollen tube forms and grows through the style. The pollen tube reaches an ovule within the ovary, where the sperm fertilizes the egg.

• Pollen is released from the stigma and is transferred to the anther. A pollen tube grows down from the anther through the filament and fuses with the ovule, where the sperm fertilizes the egg.

Frogs and toads belong to the order Anura. The smallest organism in this order is about 7 millimeters long, while the largest member is about 30 centimeters long. Which of these lists best describes this order?

• 
• 
• 
• 

Having a standard taxonomic system benefits the scientific community by allowing scientists from all over the world to do which of the following?

• Have a common system for the classification of locations containing fossils

• Use a similar system to classify the impact of removing species from ecosystems

• Have a common understanding in the classification of organisms

• Understand how other scientists classify predator–prey relationships

After examining the fossil record, scientists have determined that scorpions today are much smaller than their extinct ancestors. For example, Jaekelopterus rhenaniae, a giant scorpion species that lived 255 million to 460 million years ago, was 2.5 meters long. Which of the following conclusions is supported by this information?

• Scorpions have changed as a result of natural selection.

• Scorpions in the fossil record are smaller than their descendants are.

• Scorpions living today have increased their numbers since they first appeared.

• Scorpions do not appear in their original state in the fossil record.

The biomass of giant plants like the redwood tree shown above is mostly carbohydrates. These carbohydrates are made by the plant over many years. Where do plants obtain the vast amount of carbon required to grow so large?

• From the soil

• From the air

• From rainwater and groundwater

• From both soil and water

Two populations of mice living in the same forest are separated by a large water-filled ditch. After a rainstorm, flooding brings several mice from one population to the other population. When the mice from the first population reproduce with members of the second population, which of the following will likely occur?

• The offspring in the second population will have greater genetic variety.

• The offspring will be forced to leave the second population.

• The offspring will be genetically identical to their parent from the first population.

• All the offspring will die as a result of reproductive mutations.