AP European History Period 1

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Italian Renaissance?

• emphasis on the individual

• glorification of human achievement

• steadfast support for the church's leading role in society

• new attempts to reconcile the pagan philosophy of the Greco-Roman world with Christian thought

Florence was to the Italian Renaissance what

• Constantinople was to the development of the Islamic cultural revival of the 13th century

• Moscow was to the Northern Renaissance

• Athens was to classical Greek culture

• Madrid was to western European Jewish intellectual life after 1492

Thanks to the wealthy middle-class merchants and bankers who increasingly used their wealth to patronize the arts, the Renaissance began in Italy for all of the following reasons EXCEPT

• Italian unification was achieved, and the state actively financed art and cultural development

• Italy held a key strategic position in the growing East-West trade

• Italian intellectuals became increasingly aware of their Roman traditions during this time

• Byzantine intellectuals escaped Constantinople and Ottoman conquest and brought knowledge of ancient Greek achievements with them to Italy

Machiavelli's book The Prince is regarded as a definitive text on the art of ruthless, self-serving politics and the author is described, by some, as the father of modern political theory. Many scholars believe Machiavelli drew inspiration from the life and acts of

• Francisco Sforza

• Cesare Borgia

• Frederick Barbarossa

• Bartolomeo Colleoni

Italy remained disunited for many reasons, EXCEPT

• the pope could not unit Italy because of the Avignon papacy

• religious conflict in the 16th century

• conflicting economic interests of the various city-states

• constant attacks and occupations by foreign powers

Italian humanism gave rise to

• Greek becoming the official literary language of the Renaissance writers

• the welfare state

• the movement toward writing in the vernacular in Europe

• the movement known as liberation theology

Gutenberg's printing press opened the door to widespread dissemination of books and pamphlets in the early years of the Renaissance. This had a profound effect on daily life in many ways including

• allowing people to read alone rather than listening to someone recite out loud

• encouraging the scholarship of Latin among the poorer classes

• nurturing a sense of individual identity

• creating a sense of "One Europe"

Which of the following most clearly distinguishes the northern Renaissance from the Italian Renaissance?

• interest in science and technology

• greater concern with religious piety

• cultivation of a Latin style

• growth of national language in literature

All of the following reasons best describe why Poland experienced the Renaissance and Russia did not EXCEPT

• Poland was a Roman Catholic country while Russia was Eastern Orthodox and under the cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire

• Poland was at the heart of the Holy Roman Empire while Russia was not

• Russia was cut off from cultural and intellectual trends coming from western Europe by the Mongol occupation (1240-1480)

• Poland was geographically closer to Rome and the Italian city-states where the Renaissance began

According to Baldassare Castiglione, the goal of the education system in the 16th century was to

• provide a practical education in construction and commerce

• offer the same learning opportunities to boys and girls

• phase out the study of the classics in favor of more practical "career" and technical disciplines

• provide a young man with a well-rounded education including knowledge of the arts, mathematics, and oration skills