Transcendendalist Era of Reform

Why did transcendentalists such as Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau believed people should go beyond logical thinking to reach true understanding?

• People should focus on seeking to obtain as much wealth as possible through trade and the Spoils System.

• Thoreau and Emerson believed people should live simply, connect to nature and seek truth in themselves as they transcend to meet their potential.

• Thoreau and Emerson believed people should take up arms in order to free African-Americans in slavery and equality.

• Transcendentalists believed that people should rely on wealth and logic to govern their daily lives.

What was Horace Mann's focus on reform?

• Mann’s focus was on voting rights for women and African Americans as they continued to be governed with no voice.

• Mann’s focus was on religion and the Great Awakening to encourage spirituality in America.

• Mann’s focus was on public education as the need for all children to be educated became a focus on success during the reform movement.

• Mann’s focus was on health care as many were traveling West and disease was rampant.

How can one describe the time period in the early to mid 1800's?

• The Era of Reform was a time in which changes took place in prisons, schools, slavery, and with women’s rights as individuals began to value worth, humanity, and the unlimited potential of all humans.

• The Great Awakening was a time in which individuals began to seek salvation through their works and transcend “walking to the beat of their own drum.”

• The Era of Transcendentalism was a time period in which people began to adhere to various religions within the U.S. believing that it promoted security and stability in a world of turmoil and sin.

• The Era of Good Feelings was a time in which the United States was prosperous and was viewed as a world leader as Monroe had declared the Monroe Doctrine to protect our nation from European colonization.

What was the reform movement that spurred a religious movement?

• The Education Reform which was used to promote religion in schools

• The abolitionist movement which created many African American spirituals.

• The Second Great Awakening which prompted Christians to become filled with the Spirit of God.

• The Great Awakening which spurred individuals to begin going to church for the right reasons.

How does the women’s rights movement and the abolitionist movement of the 1800’s compare?

• Both were opposed because many didn't want women and African American to have a voice in their government.

• Both movements were financed heavily by the British due to a successful women’s movement in Britain.

• Both movements were very successful because of women’s roles in prison and education reform.

• Both movements were strongly favored by Americans because it further promoted the ideas of reform.

What was one way slaves attempted to reach freedom?

• A series of tunnels used to move slaves from state to state, also known as the Underground Railroad, assisted the slaves as they followed the Ohio River to freedom from the harsh treatment of slave owners.

• A system of free blacks and whites who helped slaves escape to free states, also known as the Underground Railroad.

• A transportation system called the Underground Railroad assisted slaves to freedom in the North following the Ohio River to grant freedom and opportunities to slaves who desired fair treatment.

• The Fugitive Slave Act explains how people from the North caught the fugitive slaves and returned them to their owners.

Which best describes why the South opposed laws to provide federal money for internal improvements, such as roads and canals?

• They thought these improvements were unnecessary for trade and development within the expanding United States.

• The South opposed federal involvement with internal improvements because they thought taxes would need to be raised on American citizens

• They opposed federal involvement because they thought these improvements were dangerous to the well- being of the economy.

• The South opposed federal involvement with internal improvements because they thought these improvements would benefit only Northern states.

How did the economies of the North and South differ?

• Both Southerners and Northerners preferred lifestyles of small family farms and the transcendentalist escape with nature.

• Agrarians, or Southerners, supported farms and plantation owners, while industrialists, or Northerners, invested in mills and factories promoting the growth of industry.

• Agrarians, or northerners did not buy manufactured goods, while Southerners did in order to promote industrialization.

• Industrialists, or Southerners, often invested in mills and factories to improve their economies, while Northerners depended on agriculture, logging, and shipyards for growth.

What was the most efficient way to move goods in the North around the 1850s?

• by automobile via the newly constructed road systems

• by steamboat up the Mississippi and Missouri Rivers.

• by airplane once the Wright Brothers successfully completed the first flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina.

• by way of the newly constructed railroads that ran throughout most of the North.

Which best explains the effect of segregation policies in the North?

• Segregation in the North forced all people to live with different races and practice various religions so the separation of races due to culture, traditions, and beliefs was non-existent.

• The people of the North shared their culture with all races creating equal opportunities for all.

• Segregation in the North created a distinction among races when using public places in the early to mid -1800’s thereby creating a wide spread philosophy of segregation or separation among races and their traditions, customs, and beliefs.

• The people of the North were not allowed to practice their religion with other races due to differences in beliefs creating segregation between religious groups.